If human service personnel are to serve clients effectively, they must understand the condition of human need and the objects of need which satisfy the condition. While definitions of need vary according to academic discipline, a review of literature in ten academic areas revealed that need as a human condition is based upon the existence of…

Summarizing the best current thinking about what classroom approaches produce sound writing experiences in the first eight grades, this book offers teachers a means of checking on their own practices and perceptions about how writing can best be learned. The first chapter of the book presents a historical review of authoritative opinion regarding…

If futures studies is to progress beyond the formative stages, it must agree upon a set of premises, develop a common language, focus research efforts, and set useful objectives. To begin these processes, this paper examines basic premises, proposes criteria for judging relevance and progress in the field, and speculates on possible directions.…

Writing, editing, and printing texts for schools has been the accepted role of publishers, while text researchers have concentrated on typography, content, and readability. The hundreds of readability formulas now available make readability the most sophisticated of these three areas. Research in reading comprehension suggests that publishers…

Focusing on the range of child welfare, health, juvenile justice, child development, recreation, and family support services currently provided to children in the United States, this report of the Committee on Child Development Research and Public Policy assesses and provides recommendations concerning research on children's services and service…

This paper reviews, compares, and summarizes writings from 1974 to 1980 which address the concept of burnout. The 48 writings are summarized in a tabular format and presented in chronological order to provide the reader with a sense of trends. The table also includes authors, year of publication, the occupation of the "burned-out" individual, and…

This paper analyzes the amount of time required by farmers in four villages on the western edge of the central plain of Thailand to adopt four agricultural innovations--fertilizer, herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide. The general objective is to help researchers interested in the relationship of the adoption of new ideas to economic development…

One of 10 studies commissioned to investigate research needs and to stimulate planning activities, this paper reviews program evaluation in foreign language education (FLED), and offers a number of recommendations to improve present practice. It begins by noting that very little FLED program evaluation is taking place today, and by arguing that…

The research literature on short-term instruction (STI) and intermediate-term instruction (ITI) for the Scholastic Aptitude Test-mathematical section (SAT-M) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test-verbal sections (SAT-V) was reviewed. Selected studies of STI and ITI for tests other than the SAT-M and SAT-V, and of testwiseness (TW), were included in the…

A review of more than 100 articles and papers in interpersonal and small group communication (ISG) research done in 1977 and a survey of active researchers revealed that it was difficult to identify significant trends in content and methodology as well as to note specific advances and problems reflected in the research. However, six issues or…

Among the factors least likely to be given due consideration, especially in computer assisted instruction, are student variables. Some reasons which might have hindered research activities involving student, and possibly teacher, cognitive mapping behaviors, learning styles, and media preferences as variables in experimentation are summarized: a…

This survey represents an attempt to indicate how much is known about all aspects of research in mathematics education. For each topic, a brief description of the variable is provided and the kinds of experiments or other empirical studies which have been used to investigate them are indicated. At the end of each chapter is a bibliography and a…

Motivational psychology and test theory are compared in this discussion, which focuses on distinguishing the effects of motivation and of ability on test performance and educational achievement. Recent theory in achievement motivation considers the motivational significance of future goals as they affect present activities that are instrumental in…

A comprehensive legal research and bibliographic guide to all phases of American law is presented in this book, from law for the laymen to jurisprudence, from how to find a case to Supreme Court research. It is intended for a general audience, and to familiarize the reader with the tools of legal research and education by providing in one…

In a conference convened to evolve new research approaches to the study of child development within the family, workgroups discussed emerging issues and priorities in research on children and families, information on children and families (needs and sources), and current methods and approaches in child development research. Workgroup I evaluated…