Studies using human figure drawing as a measurement technique are reviewed as part of an inquiry concerning the effectiveness of instruction to improve children's body image. It is concluded that the findings reviewed are inconclusive as to whether instruction can improve children's perceptions and knowledge of body image, and that further…

This paper identifies major theories prevalent in recent feminist scholarship, discusses biases inherent in these theories, and offers an original theoretical explanation for women's social and economic status. The major objective is to contribute to the body of feminist thought by exposing the biased conceptual tools used by many researchers to…

In addition to problems of instrument selection and interpretation and problems associated with sampling procedures, psychologists' person-blame interpretations of social problems (interpretations that call for change in individuals and ignore needs for systemic change) and gender beliefs (such as assumptions about women and motherhood, men and…

Based on data drawn from a larger study concerning what people learn from television news broadcasts, this paper suggests ways that researchers might conceptualize audience comprehension of television news. Following a review of the information processing literature, the paper analyzes several conceptualizations taken from the literature and…

Educational research is designed to deal with problems. Some problems in American education cannot be understood outside their historical-philosophical contexts. This paper presents arguments concerning the limitations of standard empirical research in the field of education. This is accomplished by following developments in the culture that have…

Advertising and society courses have suffered from conflicting educational goals, superficial scholarly research, and a lack of critical intellectual perspectives. The institutional perspective on advertising research has the major strength that it elucidates structural and functional factors of advertising. However, it ignores cultural…

A REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON CRITICAL READING INDICATES THAT EFFORTS ARE BEING MADE TO TEACH CRITICAL READING AT BOTH THE SECONDARY AND ELEMENTARY LEVELS, PARTICULARLY AT THE SECONDARY LEVEL. NATIONAL READING CONFERENCE YEARBOOKS AND REVIEWS OF REPORTED RESEARCH, HOWEVER, FAILED TO SHOW A SINGLE CONTROLLED STUDY ON CRITICAL READING AT THE COLLEGE…

EDUCATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE ARE CLOSELY LINKED, BUT CHANGES IN EDUCATION ARE USUALLY SLOW. RECENT CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS HAVE CONSIDERED STRATEGIES FOR PLANNED CHANGE TO MEET CURRENT SOCIETAL NEEDS. A MAJOR AREA STUDIED IS PUPIL PERSONNEL SERVICES. THE FOCUS OF THE INTERPROFESSIONAL RESEARCH COMMISSION ON PUPIL PERSONNEL SERVICES (IRCOPPS)…

ANYTHING WHICH IS NOW, OR COULD BE, A PROBLEM OR AN ISSUE FOR THE INSTITUTION CONCERNED IS THE LEGITIMATE PROVINCE OF INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH, WHICH IS THEREFORE A TYPE OF APPLIED RESEARCH TO PERFORM A SERVICE TO THE INSTITUTION. THE OFFICE OF INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH SHOULD (1) PROVIDE DESCRIPTIVE REPORTS CONCERNING THE COLLEGE'S PRESENT STATUS AND…

A GENERAL SURVEY WAS MADE OF RESEARCH AND LITERATURE IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL LEARNING AND SOCIALIZATION, AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY WAS PREPARED. THE SURVEY WAS MADE TO PROVIDE AN INDICATION OF THE MAIN CURRENTS OF STUDY OF CHILDREN'S LEARNING OF POLITICAL CONCEPTS. THE SURVEY INCLUDED MAJOR SUBSTANTIVE PROBLEMS OF POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION RESEARCH--(1)…

Defining "idols of communication" as widely-held ideas that obstruct progress in the development of interpersonal communication theory, this paper identifies three principles deserving of the title. The identified principles are: (1) the idol of coorientation, the belief that mutual understandings are the essential grounds for the coordination of…

Methodological incarceration occurs when research and investigation are restricted by the traditional concepts of how a study should be designed and are hampered by those notions which dictate what research is. This paper examines several reasons why social science research in general--reading research in particular--is considered by some to be…

This study presents an argument against the identification of speech as the sole source of data for linguistic research. Specifically, the issue addressed is whether speech and reading and writing can be considered expressions of one language or whether the obvious differences in the terminal symbol strings in the two types of expression are…

The second of eight delegate workbooks prepared for the May, 1977 White House Conference on Handicapped Individuals contains ballots for the workshop on health concerns related to treatment, research and technology. The ballots are intended to enable delegates to assign priorities to various issues and proposals in a way that reflects conclusions…

This paper indicates the need for continuing research in music education and emphasizes the relevance of developmental and educational research to the Kodaly program of music instruction. While music research based on Piaget's and Skinner's work has been done, interest in measures of musical aptitude has declined. Music educators especially need…