America's older, larger cities are unable to provide employment opportunities and social mobility to its growing number of disadvantaged residents because cities' economic base of blue-collar industry has been replaced by the service and information industries. Cities currently face a residence-job opportunity mismatch. (ML)

A project of Leeds University is designed to fill the demand for liberal adult education courses that are not vocationally oriented or qualification based. The project has developed courses for the retired, for women, and for the unemployed. (SK)

Teachers, parents, and older students need to understand the mechanisms that have subverted honest efforts to give working class children in the United States a decent education. This book discusses why this has happened and suggests ways to develop a pedagogy that makes progressive methods, education that empowers, and powerful literacy possible…

Smoking among students in a suburban high school appears to be part of a complex, symbolic process that is associated with a system of social differentiation between working class and middle class students. To be effective, anti-smoking programs should consider the social dynamics of smoking. (Author/MJL)

Explores the two Christian Brothers religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church. Focuses on the Irish Congregation that has been controversial, specifically in its residential care for neglected, orphaned, and delinquent children. States that allegations of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse has been reported in their institutions. (CMK)

Argues that higher education is a difficult choice for English working-class students and that the advantages and disadvantages of higher education are unequally distributed among members of different social classes. Presents a study of non-participant Londoners (n=109), ages 16-30, from a range of working-class backgrounds. Includes references.…

The author describes a participatory research project that took place in a garment workers' co-operative. The project's purpose was to record the history and working relationships of the co-operative in an attempt to help similar ventures. Problems of participatory research are considered. (CH)

Literacy by itself cannot change oppressive conditions. It can only be an instrument in the struggle against social, economic, and political oppression. Examples of literacy as a political act may be found in the work of Paulo Freire and in projects that follow the tradition of the Highlander Folk School. (SK)

Lauds J. Donald Wilson's treatment of the author's socialist Sunday school article. Many schools maintained an explicit ethnic identification, although little uniformity existed as to size, geographic location, financial stability, curriculum, or pedagogical approach. The primary "lesson" for critical educators is that socioeconomic…

The recommendations of Scotland's 1975 Alexander Report for increasing adult education participation and Tom Lovett's development of a social action model with working class adults in Liverpool and Ireland are used as background to an examination of Scottish projects that use a community work approach to involve nonparticipating adults in…

Examines the extent to which race is a factor of white parents' choice of schools in light of increased school choice in the United Kingdom. Reports mixed evidence of the degree and direction of the impact of school race composition on choice. Notes data problems contributing to this outcome. (DSK)

Used interviews and observations to examine the formation of an alternative student group that resisted the cultures of the dominant peer groups in their high school. Depicted the process by which a group of working-class students used peer-group membership as a supportive environment to defy the forces of social reproduction and become the people…

Many older working-class women have lived a lifelong education, formally and informally, in conditions that were not conducive to learning. Employers and training providers should ensure that education and training are not oversold and expectations that cannot be met are not raised. (SK)

Framed by discourses of lifelong learning and widening participation, further education Access to University courses attract mature students from a range of social backgrounds. This paper focuses on eight women students who, to varying degrees, share educational and occupational histories and aspirations. We explore their experiences of the Access…

Two samples of preschool children's representation and understanding of written number symbols was examined in two time points in one academic year. About 40% of Chinese four year olds (mean=4:7) were able to use conventional number symbols to represent the quantity of ten, on average. The majority of these children (85%) could represent written…