Leadership is often described as something that is learned from experience. However, experiences do not often occur within a controlled environment where learning and its impact can be evaluated. In this paper, we investigate the efficacy of two types of learning experiences. University students received leadership training of equal length through…

Science educators have generally agreed that understanding the atom concept is the basis of science education. However, the numerous research studies have shown that many students at all educational levels have difficulties understanding this concept. This study was developed under three headings. The first was to identify misconceptions that…

This study examined critical thinking instruction in a required introductory communication course (N = 324). Experimental group participants received enhanced instruction using various active learning strategies, activities, and assignments. Results indicate significant improvement in their critical thinking skills. Implications for pedagogy and…

This longitudinal case-study aimed at examining whether purposely teaching for the promotion of higher order thinking skills enhances students' critical thinking (CT), within the framework of science education. Within a pre-, post-, and post-post experimental design, high school students, were divided into three research groups. The experimental…

Conducting observational research in a cross-cultural context invokes a unique set of difficulties. This paper describes sources of bias and threats to validity that are specific to cross-cultural research. It describes problems of cross-cultural research designs for descriptive studies, comparative research, and experimental research and outlines…

An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is done to correct for chance differences that occur when subjects are assigned randomly to treatment groups. When properly used, this correction results in adjustment of the group means for pre-existing differences caused by sampling error and reduction of the size of the error variance of the analysis. The…

This document describes the methodology and results of a pilot study and outlines the hypotheses and procedures of a final study to identify and measure racist behaviors and attitudes in adults. The impact of a slide presentation on racial attitudes was also examined. The context of the pilot study was a workshop on race relations designed to…

This study investigated the relative benefits of peer-­controlled and moderated online collaboration during group problem solving. Thirty­-five self­-selected groups of four or five students were randomly assigned to the two conditions, which used the same online collaborative tool to solve twelve problem scenarios in an undergraduate statistics…

Twenty-two junior, senior, and graduate students from an introductory counseling class for nonmajors were introduced to the verbal psychotherapies, and randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The groups were treated identically and received the usual instructional program except for the treatment group receiving 30 minutes of…

THE CO-RELATED OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE--(1) TO DEVELOP AND EVALUATE A MODEL OF EGO COUNSELING DERIVED, IN PART, FROM THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF ADAPTIVE FUNCTIONING, AND (2) TO INVESTIGATE CERTAIN PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS UNDERLYING ACADEMIC UNDERACHIEVEMENT. A COUNSELED EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLE OF 53 BRIGHT, BUT ACADEMICALLY…

THIS ARTICLE TRACES THE ORIGIN AND EVALUATION OF A SPECIAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE TRAINING CONCEPT THAT EVOLVED OUT OF A SPECIFIC MILITARY NEED TO INTERROGATE NEWLY CAPTURED PRISONERS OF WAR TO ACQUIRE IMMEDIATE TACTICAL INFORMATION. THROUGH AN INITIAL FEASIBILITY STUDY, A REASONABLE SET OF VERBAL MATERIALS WAS SELECTED AS COURSE CONTENT, AND A…

THIS EXPERIMENT WAS DESIGNED TO TEST WHETHER STUDENTS WHOSE GRADES ARE PARTLY DETERMINED BY THE PERFORMANCE OF OTHERS IN THE GROUP (THE COOPERATIVE CONDITION) WILL SCORE HIGHER ON EXAMINATIONS THAN THOSE WHOSE GRADES ARE DETERMINED BY THEIR RAW SCORES WITHIN THEIR GROUPS (COMPETITIVE CONDITION). WHEN COGNITIVE LEARNING IN THE COOPERATIVE…

A number of potential threats to internal validity in true experiments are discussed. Programmatic research efforts proceeding from established correlational findings to experiments employing random assignment are described and used as referents in discussions of validity considerations. The collection of observational data is recommended for use…

Studies were some problems of learning motivation and extrinsic reinforcement in a group of disadvantaged youngsters. Also tested was the hypothesis that learning would be facilitated for those children who received regular individual tutoring in addition to classroom instruction, regardless of conditions of reinforcement. Subjects were 60 Negro…

The purpose of this project was to design, execute, and evaluate a film to be used as a public education program in rehabilitation counseling. The film "Will It Be You?" was produced to interest undergraduate students in a career in rehabilitation counseling and to inform the general public of the goals and services of rehabilitation counseling.…