This study investigated the effect of conceptual change text-oriented instruction over traditional instruction on students' understanding of solution concepts (e.g., dissolving, solubility, factors affecting solubility, concentrations of solutions, types of solutions, physical properties of solutions) and their attitudes towards chemistry. The…

Three experiments attempted to clarify the effect of altering the spatial presentation of irrelevant auditory information. Previous research using serial recall tasks demonstrated a left-ear disadvantage for the presentation of irrelevant sounds (Hadlington, Bridges, & Darby, 2004). Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effects of manipulating the…

This article explores the effects of participation during kindergarten in "Zippy's Friends," a 24-week school-based programme to help young people better cope with everyday adversities, on their adaptation to first grade. The experimental group consisted of 140 children in the first year of primary school who had participated in the "Zippy's…

The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA) study in six countries tested the effects of a comprehensive smoking prevention approach after 24 (T3; N = 10751) and 30 months (T4; N = 9282). The programme targeted four levels, i.e. adolescents in schools, school policies, parents and the community. In Portugal, 12.4% of the T1…

The present experiments assessed the effects of different manipulations between cue preexposure and cue-outcome pairings on latent inhibition (LI) in a predictive learning task with human participants. To facilitate LI, preexposure and acquisition with the target cues took place while participants performed a secondary task. Presentation of…

When the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands gradually dissolved in the 1980s, the Republic of Palau assumed a greater responsibility for its own education system. In order to monitor the mathematical achievement of elementary school students during the transition from external to local control of educational procedures, basic skills…

An approach to simultaneous optimization of assignments of subjects to treatments followed by an end-of-mastery test is presented using the framework of Bayesian decision theory. Focus is on demonstrating how rules for the simultaneous optimization of sequences of decisions can be found. The main advantages of the simultaneous approach, compared…

Among the many problems faced by family researchers in conducting experimental research in field settings is that posed by nonequivalent and intact treatment and control groups. Nonequivalence refers to the assignment of individuals to treatments on a nonrandom basis, thus generating treatment groups with different expected values on one or more…

Adult leaders from 14 counties, divided into matched participating (57) and control (54) groups, were surveyed to evaluate whether Cooperative Extension Service programs on land use planning in Arkansas resulted in increased knowledge and more favorable attitudes toward such planning. Participants filled out attitudinal questionnaires before…

THIS PROJECT TESTED WHETHER THE TELE-LECTURE AND ELECTROWRITER COULD (1) BE USED EFFECTIVELY FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS INSTRUCTION OF ADULTS IN MULTIPLE REMOTE AREAS, AND (2) USED BY A MASTER TEACHER TO PROVIDE LEARNING EXPERIENCE FOR ADULTS WHICH IS AT LEAST AS EFFECTIVE AS FACE-TO-FACE INSTRUCTION. UTILIZING AMPLIFICATION AND MICROPHONE TRANSMISSION…

THE TWINSBURG ELEMENTARY GUIDANCE PROJECT (1) PROVIDED STUDENTS WITH AN ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE TO LEARNING, (2) PROVIDED IN-SERVICE TRAINING FOR THE FACULTY, (3) PLOTTED STUDENT PROGRESS BY USE OF THE IOWA TEST OF BASIC SKILLS (ITBS), AND (4) HELPED TEACHERS BECOME MORE EFFECTIVE IN THE CLASSROOM. STUDENTS WERE PLACED IN HOMOGENEOUS ABILITY GROUPS…

This study compared teacher demonstrations with a slide-tape methods of presenting demonstrations in graphic arts. It involved 134 eighth grade students and four teachers in four schools. Random assignment to treatments was made by classes. Four demonstrations randomly selected from a group were (1) composing a line of type, (2) locking-up a type…

An experiment was conducted to determine whether special reading instruction integrated with agricultural instruction would result in improved reading ability and increased achievement in subject matter. random assignment was made of vocational agriculture classes in 12 Maryland schools to experimental and control groups. Units on soil sampling…

The purpose of this study was to develop and test an instrument for analyzing interpersonal responsiveness in small groups. A category system was constructed comprised of two "functional" response categories and five "dysfunctional" categories which identified certain behaviors as likely to foster or interfere with "effective" relationships. To…

The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether or not the whole method or the part method of solving orthographic projection problems made any significant difference in student performance scores, and more specifically, to ascertain the relative effectiveness of these two approaches on seven criterion variables. The research design was…