The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of regression estimates when skewed dichotomous scales are used as independent variables. When Pearson product-moment correlations are used to measure zero-order associations involving dichotomous variables, the resulting coefficients underestimate the true associations. As a result, using…

A recurring problem in educational research is how to account for non-random selection that has restricted the range of the variables of interest in correlational analyses. Several expressions due to H. Pearson (1903) and presented in matrix notation by D. N. Lawley (1943-44) are commonly used in selection settings to adjust for samples chosen on…

A "doubly-centered" raw data matrix is one for which both columns and rows have both unit variance and means equal to zero. The factor scores from one analysis are the same as factor pattern coefficients from the other analysis except for a variance adjustment. This study explored an extension of the reciprocity principle which may have…

Visual perception and visual imagery are sufficiently representative of external stimuli to enhance retention. (Author)

A method is proposed for the evaluation of the degree to which trait measures show stability across diverse methods of measurement. The technique is illustrated using multitrait-multimethod matrices from personality assessment, which yield trait-specific factors. (Author/BJG)

Develops and illustrates a method for clustering hierarchically the interrelationships between many persons, as represented in a matrix of a thousand by a thousand. (RC)

Multidimensional scaling (MDS) a highly reliable measurement technique, often requires an overwhelming task of the subject in the data collection procedure. This investigation was designed to determine the loss of precision in solution associated with five degrees of systematic reduction in the data collection task. Data were simulated via Monte…

This study is an a priori demonstration of the applicability of multiple matrix sampling techniques to the practical research problem of parameter estimation. Three tests were administered to two separate but parallel populations, with one receiving item samples and the other receiving full tests. Special efforts were made to minimize the context…

This four-part report discusses the planning of modules through the use of a matrix and contains two case studies as illustration. Part 1, "Applying the Matrix to an Existing Course Outline," shows how to analyze a course outline, adapt it to a matrix, and plan appropriate modules. Part 2, "Matrix Analysis," examines the matrix in order to…