A method was designed to provide history students an opportunity to make interpretations and form hypotheses about historical events and eras. The teacher created representative "facts" and questions about a topic and let students use them to make their own hypotheses. A sample unit on European history, 1300-1450, is included. (KC)

The interpretation of significant left-tailed analysis of variance (ANOVA) F-ratios is supported by considering the case of a fixed effects ANOVA model. The conclusions of this case are generalizable to other standard ANOVA models. (Author/PN)

Attempts are made to improve the previously used procedure for multidimensional scaling in the measure of conceptual level. Monte Carlo simulation runs and a laboratory experiment highlight potential incongruities related to the degree of error in the input data required by that process. Methodological recommendations are briefly evaluated.…

Tests two hypotheses concerning success in debate: (1) that success would be enhanced by a fast speaking rate, large amounts of evidence, and use of jargon; and (2) that a high correlation exists among these same variables. Neither hypothesis is supported and several explanations are offered. (JMF)

Causes of evaluator bias are: overemphasizing concrete, salient, and retrievable information; reporting only evidence which confirms hypothesis; focusing on stable personality factors, rather than on situation and environment; developing positive perceptions of a program as both an evaluator and a highly involved participant; statistical naivete;…

High state-anxious subjects solved fewer problems than middle or low state-anxious subjects under no memory-aid conditions, and all anxiety groups performed comparably with memory aids. High state-anxious subjects tended to use less focusing strategy when memory aids were unavailable. (Author/CP)

Symbolic interaction theory, exchange theory, and systems theory were major schools of thought in the 1970s. The general theory of the family may be unnecessary. Theorists in the 1980s should improve existing theory and continue to develop metatheory and methodologies of building theory. (Author)

Twelve variance-analytical and nonparametrical coefficients of reliability for rating scales designed for rating persons were compared to each other theoretically and empirically. Preference for two coefficients was established. The intraclass correlation coefficient appeared to be useful for the estimation of reliability as well. (Author/RL)

Results of a study of the relationship between teachers' perceptions of five attributes of an innovative curriculum and the observed degree of its implementation generally supported the hypothesis that perceptions of the innovation's relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability correlate positively with degree of…

Examines illustrator-type gestures that are directly tied to speech in terms of their encoding and decoding functions, and suggests some variables bearing on these functions. (JMF)

In the article the author refutes J. Fletcher and P. Satz's analysis of the etiology of reading disability on logical, theoretical, and empirical grounds. (Author/PHR)

In the rejoinder the authors describe the methodological and interpretive factors in the Vellutino et al, experiments which limited the degree to which the studies refuted perceptual deficit hypotheses of reading disability. Note: for more of the interchange see EC 114 687-688. (Author/PHR)

Repeated measures designs often involve dichotomization of a continuous variable in order to be amenable to the analysis of variance nature of such designs. An alternative to that approach wherein the independent variable is kept continuous is presented. (JKS)

Clark's Semantic Feature Acquisition theory of semantic development is reviewed and evaluated against the recent experimental literature with special reference to the acquisition of English antonyms. (Author/MP)

Testing of physical education majors supports hypotheses that: (1) groups having the greatest number of gains in performance of a motor task develop a more positive attitude toward the task, and (2) groups having the greatest number of performance gains in successive trials will show the greatest change in already formed attitudes. (MB)