This perspective sees the value of the views presented in the volume on "Ethnography and Education" especially in the complementary sets of interests identified for ethnography and education. Some critical problems administrators and teachers face are reviewed and some recent and ongoing research activities designed to alleviate these problems are…

This paper documenting the development of the Individualized Study by Telecommunications (IST) instructional model describes both the design features of the model, and the current status of procedures used for developing and adapting courses for individualized study by telecommunications. A combination of audio technology, computer technology and…

This resource guide for the use of job aids ("how-to-do-it" guidance) for activities identified in the second phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD) contains an introduction to the use of job aids, as well as descriptive authoring flowcharts for Blocks II.1 through II.4. The introduction includes definitions;…

Designed to supplement the descriptive authoring flowcharts presented in a companion volume, this manual includes specific guidance, examples, and other information referred to in the flowcharts for the implementation of the second phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD). The introductory section includes definitions;…

This resource guide for the use of job aids ("how-to-do-it" guidance) for activities identified in the third phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD) contains an introduction to the use of job aids, as well as descriptive authoring flowcharts for Blocks III.1 through III.5. The introduction includes definitions;…

An extensive computer based education system (CBES) built around the IBM Coursewriter III program product at Ohio State University is described. In this system, numerous extensions have been added to the Coursewriter III language to provide capabilities needed to implement sophisticated instructional strategies. CBES design goals include lower CPU…

The original PLATO music concept was to replace the human performer in the feedback process, wherein the composer specifies an action and monitors the outcome, with a computer-controlled device. The first device of this type is known as the Gooch Synthetic Woodwind (GSW), which attempted to provide some of the features needed in an interactive,…

Factors which affect the overall presentation of computer assisted instruction in the Voice Oriented Curriculum Author Language (VOCAL), and general guidelines for effective use of VOCAL in curriculum development are presented. Four major sections describe course design and review, spoken strings, display features, and six types of exercise…

This critical review of the literature on behavioral objectives is presented in four sections: definition of a behavioral objective; the function of a behavioral objective; consistent acceptable format for constructing behavioral objectives; and the pros and cons of behavioral objectives. The literature review reveals that current findings on the…

Needs assessment is a fundamental part of evaluation, and yet it has not developed as rapidly in sophistication as other evaluation methodologies. This is largely due to the difficulty in measuring real needs, as opposed to wants, interests, etc. This paper discusses some of the critical issues in needs assessment, and outlines some of the…

This design for an experiential exercise is comprised of three key characters-- the instructor, the facilitator, and the learner--whose interactions affect the learner. This interaction takes place within the dimensions of a facility having a variety of technical advantages, such as videotape recording and other equipment, or simply in a…

This report describes MODIA (a Method of Designing Instructional Alternatives), and assesses its utility for planning instruction. MODIA is a computer-based interactive program that helps planners construct a blueprint of instruction, analyze the operation of the instruction, and estimate its cost. It was developed for the Air Force Air Training…

A mainline CAI system is an individualized instructional system of major scope which uses the computer as a tool for instructional management and information transmission. Such systems are developed according to a design science approach and used as a less costly alternative to conventional instruction. In contrast, adjunctive systems have a much…

The creation and use of CAI and videotapes as methods for improving the English language skills of the hearing impaired during the past three and one half years at Gallaudet College are described. The first part of the paper discusses CAI as a working system within a total English language program; the second part discusses efforts to integrate…

The teacher inservice program and materials described here are designed to bring about a higher degree of sophistication in the area of instructional program planning given individual learning situations. The participants in the program translate goals into specific objectives, develop appropriate learning alternatives, rank the alternatives, and…