Discusses the role of instructional design in the development of learning theory. Topics discussed include the acquisition of knowledge and skills; models of teaching; the teaching and acquisition of concepts; influences on retention; and the integration of procedures, principles, and concepts for solving problems. (20 references) (LRW)

One in a continuing series on visual aids, this article presents rules for the use of visuals in information presentations and orientations. Topics discussed include ambiguity and unanswered questions; the need for a cost/benefits analysis; appropriate visual styles; media selection; and the effects of visualizations on performance. (LRW)

Describes a prototype expert system that was developed to guide the instructional design phase of instructional system development. Declarative and procedural knowledge representation methods employed in the system are explained, a sample dialog between the system and a designer is presented, and future phases of the project are discussed. (nine…

Summarizes issues affecting the field of educational technology which were addressed at the 1989 meeting of the Professors of Instructional Design and Technology (PIDT). Topics discussed include redefining the field of instructional design and technology (IDT); improving graduate studies in IDT; and conducting research in IDT. (16 references) (LRW)

Examines the assumptions, the roles of teacher and learner, the resources needed, the methods of evaluation, and the weaknesses of four categories of instruction--expository, demonstration, inquiry, and individualized--in order to determine which strategy is most appropriate for a given set of conditions. (MS)

Describes Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), which, combined with desktop workstations, will provide access to voice, text, and video telecommunications. Telecommunications technology is discussed, the use of desktop workstations to facilitate ISDN is described, and possible future uses of ISDN technology in distance education are…

Explains courseware abstraction as a method of creating generalized computer assisted learning (CAL) lessons that can then be applied to provide as many concrete examples as desired. Topics discussed include generative CAL; cost efficiency; lesson verification; student evaluation; and factually exhaustive lessons. (nine references) (LRW)

Describes how instructional designers can use a combination of job task/function analysis and job competence assessment to construct a performance profile for managers that identifies characteristics of a successful performer. An ideal role micro approach is explained, and the design of training programs based on the performance profile is…

Discussion of the role of a visual designer in media programing highlights the relationship between content, design, and technical aspects. Collaborative effort between the content expert, the instructional developer, and the technical staff is described, the role of style is discussed, and the function of communication is emphasized. (LRW)

Describes how trainers can promote trainee flexibility and increase the effectiveness of their instruction by using skill related, principle based rules. Highlights include skill performance variables; analyzing skills to derive principles; converting principles into rules; and how to integrate principle based rules into skill instruction. (LRW)

Discussion of the use of two-way interactive television for distance learning at East Carolina University (North Carolina) focuses on a graduate reading course. Instructional design guidelines are described, including proper use of technology by faculty and students, involving learners at both sites, site facilitators, and increasing interaction.…

Reviews research on how geographic maps influence the recall of associated text and describes a theoretical model of map-text learning based on dual-coding theory and working memory operations. Instructional implications are explained, and recommendations for instructional applications are given. (Contains 84 references.) (LRW)

Offers comments on articles in this special issue relating to critical theory, deconstruction, and postmodernism as they affect educational technology. Topics discussed include the modernist, positivist approach to educational technology; systems theory and instructional design; evaluating media for stereotypes; and mastery learning. (LRW)

A theory of motor skill performance in dentistry is presented, and studies of its use in improving preclinical laboratory instruction are reviewed. The model explains how the mind directs the hand so specific outcomes can be achieved, a theory which can be operationalized in instructional design. (MSE)

Examines the relationship between instructional design (ID) activities and perceived project success. Analysis was based on interviews with 40 practicing instructional designers involved in 77 ID projects. Results indicate that designers don't implement all the ID activities prescribed by traditional models and that certain activities are…