Thirty male college students performed a mock communication controller's task under three different instructional formats, short sentences, logical tree, and coding. It was concluded that format variations mainly influence the more difficult tasks. (Author/DE)

In assessing the validity of Clark's (1983) argument that media have no real effect on learning, the fourth of four symposium papers identifies five aspects of media which might affect learning: (1) the technology used; (2) the symbol systems employed; (3) the content conveyed; (4) the setting in which the media are encountered; and (5) the…

This paper defines a schema as a memory structure representing a general concept and its framework of associated concepts, and identifies the three processes by which learning can occur in individuals whose memories are schema-based, i.e., accretion, tuning, and restructuring. Ways in which schema might influence instructional design are then…

The cognitive and affective domains of learning outcomes--i.e., intellectual skills, verbal information, cognitive strategies, and attitudes--are parts of every schema. Located within an individual schema, these capabilities are interrelated, and acquiring one capability is likely to have an effect on other types of capabilities within the same…

This paper focuses on graphics and how they can be created, in real time, from information stored in a database, and the application of this technique to computer-assisted instruction (CAI). It is noted that this is a special case of the general trend towards endowing instructional systems with a degree of decision-making or design expertise, as…

This guide presents step-by-step instructions for authoring interactive video lessons with the Apple IIe system. Software and hardware requirements are listed, and a glossary of terms and commands is included. Three sample pages demonstrating the data input process are appended. (GL)

This study examined the sequencing of instruction in a course in physical therapy. In the first phase, a procedural elaboration sequence was designed using the Simplifying Assumptions Method. In the second phase, a prescriptive-theoretical elaboration sequence independent of the procedural sequence was designed. A descriptive-theoretical…

These proceedings of a world conference of the International Council for Distance Education (ICDE) contain the full text of the following conference presentations: (1) Official Opening (Senator Susan Ryan, Australia); (2) President's Address (John Daniel, Canada); (3) "The Broady Lecture: Opportunities of Distance" (Geoffrey Bolton,…

Two instructional design alternatives are described and discussed: (1) the supplantation model of Ausburn and Ausburn (1978), where learning strategies are built into the instructional materials; and (2) a generative design model, where strategies are "built" into the learner. These contrasting models are proposed as representing the…

A proposed distance education course on map use which is designed primarily for American inservice social studies teachers is described in this paper, which begins with a brief overview of the use of distance education for teaching map use skills. A low-budget distance education course that has been taught in Brazil--i.e., Fundamentals for…

Four concepts are considered in light of their impact on instructional technology and design, i.e., the value status of technology, the proliferation of worldviews, equity in education, and the relationship of ethical issues to practice. The assumption that instructional technology is a value-neutral method of conveying instructional information…

This discussion of the contributions that cognitive psychology can make to the next generation of instructional design methods begins by comparing behaviorally-based and cognitively-based instructional design systems. Some possible improvements in instructional design are then presented, and it is argued that cognition, or student thought…

This paper proposes a theoretical foundation for the field of educational technology based on cognitive learning theory. This proposition is based on consideration of issues which suggest that psychological theory is more central to educational technology than systems theory or theories of management, and that cognitive theories are more…

This directory of doctoral dissertations in the field of instructional design and technology that were completed during the decade from 1977 through 1986 is designed to provide a complete overview of that doctoral research. It includes listings of the student's name, graduation year, dissertation title (in a rotated keyword-in-context index), and…

One of the major trends occurring in the area of task analysis methodology is the development of better methods to analyze cognitive tasks, including new methodologies for analyzing the ways in which knowledge should be structured within a student's head to facilitate given types of performance. The most important trend is the integration of task…