This descriptive study examined the interaction between 25 mentally retarded (MR) adult participants in a physical education setting and 51 physical education majors. The study was designed to identify and analyze the causal attributions of physical education majors concerning MR adults' motor performance, to identify and analyze the causal…

Addressing the problem of low music skills and lack of motivation to participate in music programs in elementary and junior high schools, a study examined a daily after-school practicum in which music skills, composition, and performance were practiced. Twenty sixth-grade students participated in 72 40-minute after-school sessions, meeting twice a…

It is a concern of many educators and researchers that females are underrepresented in the field of mathematics and careers that require mathematics. This study begins with a review of the literature that examines the sex-related differences in mathematics. Three major categories involving the relationship between females and mathematics are then…

The proceedings of the seventh annual meeting of the College Reading Association consisted of the following papers: (1) "President's Report" (Martha J. Maxwell); (2) "The Library Is Your Reading Test" (Nancy Larrick); (3) "The Lehigh--Bethlehem ITA Study Interim Report Four" (Albert J. Mazurkiewicz); (4) "The…

Junior Great Books discussions were used to teach critical thinking skills and independent learning behaviors to learning-disabled 5th-grade students. In baseline observations, the seven learning-disabled students exhibited active off-task behaviors and disruptive behavior causing dismissal from the group, while seven students in a…

Studies conducted by the University of California and California State University, concerning the time students take to complete the baccalaureate degree, are synopsized and reported. The methodology, findings, and conclusions of each report are provided separately, and the reports themselves are appended, along with the survey instruments. A…

In response to the negative learning environment found in most public schools today, a pedagogical method known as "The 3 Rs" (Reading, Reflecting, and Reacting) was developed to help schools produce active participants in a democratic and pluralistic society. Inspired by the literacy work of Paulo Freire, the method makes extensive use…

A study analyzed the motives of inmates participating in prison educational programs in Canada. During the study, a prison education participation scale was developed to measure the interrelationship among motivational orientations and the following factors: inmates' personal characteristics, criminal background, present offence and sentence,…

Teacher incentive systems enable school districts to address the current concerns of their constituencies: teachers' concern with salaries, administrators' concern for attracting good people into the teaching profession, and community concern that increased expenditures for teacher salaries have not improved education. Accordingly, this handbook…

A significant alternative to the traditional text-based approach to elementary science has been represented by the Science Curriculum Improvement Study (SCIS). Although the literature documents the process of the investigative approach, greater utilization of available programs and support from teachers are not evidenced. This investigation was…

This manual is intended to assist volunteer coordinators involved in the Kansas Volunteer Tutor Utilization (KV-TUTOR) project. The first section, which deals with planning, covers management by objectives and a clarification system to test objectives that is denoted by the acronym SMAC (specific, measurable, achievable, compatible). A section on…

Intended for parents who want to help in the development of their child's reading skills, this pamphlet contains a number of suggestions. The first section, on helping the preschool child, includes a list of important reading skills and tells what a parent can do to help the child. The second section deals with ways to build on what the child…

All through the 1970-1980 decade, growth of population took place in the rural and small town areas of the United States where very little had occurred in earlier recent decades. In general, the trend can be viewed as one that was primarily socially motivated but facilitated by improved rural economic conditions. By contrast, in the first 3 years…

The basic philosophy of mastery learning is that all students can learn if they are provided with effective instruction and practice. Research on mastery learning has been done in many countries and at all levels of education in different subject areas, and it has repeatedly shown excellent results. This teaching and learning strategy succeeds in…

Six generalizations are offered regarding the collective requirements and expectations that colleges and universities impose on, or expect of, their students. (1) Colleges and universities in varying degrees expect and require students to demonstrate "basic academic skills" in reading, writing, and mathematics. Students must also learn…