Sometimes the term independent study is used to denote distance education or, specifically, correspondence education. However, traditional correspondence study does not cover the general meaning of independent study. Also, it does not fit in with the two recent movements of open learning and dialogue pedagogics which are close to the discovery…

This chapter reports the responses from eight colleges and universities in the United Kingdom to an international questionnaire as part of a study to investigate the initiation and development of computer facilities in education. Data are presented under the headings: general development and scale of work, purposes of the project or unit, training…

This chapter reports the responses from 36 colleges and universities in the U.S.A. to an international questionnaire as part of a study to investigate the initiation and development of computer facilities in education. Data are presented under the headings: general development and scale of work, purposes of the project or unit, training of…

This chapter reports the responses from 11 colleges and universities in the Netherlands to an international questionnaire as part of a study to investigate the initiation and development of computer facilities in education. Data are presented under the headings: general development and scale of work, purposes of the project or unit, training of…

This chapter reports the responses from four universities in Canada to an international questionnaire as part of a study to investigate the initiation and development of computer facilities in education. Data are presented under the headings: general development and scale of work, purposes of the project or unit, training of non-specialists and…

Specific skill training of the kind usually done on the job (and occasionally by trade schools) is considered in terms of the specific training of people to allow them to function effectively in their occupations. To define the potential role of media in this type of training, a review of major U.S. media-based training programs was conducted.…

As distance learning plays an increasing role in adult education, instruction to older adults must be adapted for individual learner differences. Two stereotypic adult education client groups have been described: the SAVY adult (Schooled, Active, Verbal, Younger) and the ONUS adult (Older, Non-Verbal, Unschooled, Sedentary). Instructional methods…

A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that Brunerian learning theory can provide the instructional designer with a framework for developing effective learning materials. To determine three levels of spatial ability, two standardized tests--the Spatial Visualization Test (SVT) of the Dailey Vocational Tests and part VI of the…

The interaction of teacher, learner, content, and instruction is the process of teaching and learning, a single activity. The theoretical and the practical elements of this process are examined in the context of a model that explains the key elements of the process: identification, prescription, application and evaluation. These elements are…

A literature review of 23 studies and two review articles dealing with the use of instructional materials by elementary and secondary school teachers is presented. Studies dealing with the development of instructional materials, discussions of field tests, and the results of teacher attitudes were not included. The findings on the use of classroom…

Litton Industries has been investigating methods for analyzing training problems and designing appropriate systems of individualized instruction to address those problems. This work can be referred to as the development of the Instructional Systems Analysis and Selection (ISAS) procedures. ISAS is a collection of questions, comparison matrices,…

This report documents the results of a special reading program offered to low income high school students involved in a youth incentive entitlement work/study project in Alachua County, Florida. The first section of the report discusses the need for literacy training through a reading enrichment program for entitlement students and the inadequacy…

An instructional sequence based largely on combining B. Bloom's six-level, instructional related hierarchy with J. Piaget's causal sequence of cognitive skill development is utilized in a three-day unit on the correct use of commas in lists. The sample unit follows G. Torkelson's guidelines for instructional development that include outlining the…

Based on a state-of-the-art analysis of Army training, this report was the initial step in an effort to systematically improve the training in the combat arms and ultimately the entire Army. This study found that a comprehensive set of procedures was needed to provide for the development of effective training and for assessment of the training's…

A brief review of some of the more important needs imposed by current and projected Department of Defense training problems is followed by descriptions of such automated aids as the LAMPS MARK III Weapons System and the Air Force's F-16 Instructional System Development (ISD) effort. These aids have been designed and developed in response to the…