The Orientation Law on Higher Education, signed into law on November 12, 1968, has profoundly changed the structure of French higher education. Because of its importance it is reprinted in this article in English translation (unofficial). (Author)

Considered the report "For a Community Education Policy" by Professor Henri Janne, director of the Institute of European Studies in Brussels. (Author/RK)

John Paul II's 1990 apostolic exhortation "Ex Corde Ecclesiae" and subsequent legislation require those teaching theological disciplines in Catholic universities to have a mandatum. This article explores the thought of John Cardinal Newman with a view to defending a position, consistent with Newman's thought, relative to the seeking and…

When the Freedom of Information Act of 1966 was amended, despite President Ford's veto, expectations for improved access to federal agency records were high. This report details the manner in which information seekers, particularly members of the media, were deterred from using the act by nine loopholes in the 1966 law. In addition, the process…

Supreme Court interpretations of the First Amendment have allowed congressional regulation of broadcasting. This report discusses governmental regulation of the mass communication media, especially in the area where restrictions are most numerous--television. Specifically, the following topics are examined: Supreme Court litigation regarding…

This report on findings from a questionnaire study of University of California, Los Angeles, students conducted in late 1970 and early 1971 had two stated objectives: (1) to determine how many students felt unfree; what viewpoints they feared to express, and what sanctioners they feared; (2) to identify their distinguishing characteristics.…

Article focused on two levels of freedom, the role of intellect and of ethics in United States society. (RK)

Statement of policy written in a meeting convened in Chicago by the American Council on Education and approved by the ACE Board of Directors.

Application by the courts of First Amendment rights to collective negotiations in education are examined in this article. This fourteenth chapter in a book on school law is divided into three sections: freedom of association, free speech, and the right to petition. Regarding freedom of association, the courts have found that the First Amendment…

"FCC v. Pacifica Foundation," a 1978 case involving a radio broadcast considered to be indecent, was the first United States Supreme Court litigation using the right of privacy, or the right not to hear, as a rationale for broadcast regulation of programing. The issue of pornography best illustrates the judiciary's understanding of the…

The role of the agitator in society and the special characteristics of women agitators--in particular, Emma Goldman, an American anarchist from the early twentieth century--are discussed in this paper. Specific examples of the rhetoric used by Emma Goldman in her speeches (supporting anarchism, against women's suffrage, against abortion control,…

Noting that while much has been said about privacy and the defense of newsworthiness in legal cases involving the unauthorized publication of true but embarrassing facts, this paper points out that there appear to be only three broadly distinguishable--and largely disparate--theories of privacy and newsworthiness, none of them in circulation long…

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is far more anxious to promote the First Amendment premise that broadcasters should air controversial programing than it is worried about the occasional use of "four-letter words" by broadcasters. The FCC and Supreme Court decisions in the "Pacifica" case affect only the broadcasting…

This speech by the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission discusses some of the issues facing the broadcasting industry concerning the First Amendment such as guidelines for the percentage of adult informational programing, the Fairness Doctrine, government censorship, regulation of news programs, and access of the electorate to…