The need for a discussion of school counselor preparation and supervision is supported by the guidelines established by both the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), 2009 and the American School Counselor Association (ASCA), 2005. The significance of this article is to provide a reflective…

Reviewing the advantages and many disadvantages of conventional grading systems, the article discusses pass/fail grading, suggests the contract system as a solution, and describes a sample contract for a beginning high school child development class. (MW)

In an effort to evaluate the undergraduate pass-fail option system of grading at the University of Texas at Austin, 869 undergraduate students, 269 faculty members, and 35 administrators participated in a questionnaire survey. Results indicated: (1) During the 1973 fall semester, 3,896 undergraduate course registrations out of a total of 155,133…

Grading is at best a problem. Many kinds of grading have been attempted using letters, numbers, words, etc. The letter-grade techniques (typically including A,B,C,D,F) have been the most common in the United States, especially in high school and college. However, some students and faculty have been disenchanted with such techniques. Hence, other…

Undergraduates completed one of two questionnaires that were identical except for the course grading system, pass-fail vs letter grades. The "overjustification hypothesis," which proposes that grades undermine high intrinsic interest but augment low interest in academic tasks, was partially supported. Questions concerning the classroom…

The study examined differences in the classroom grading procedures of 91 preservice teachers for labeled versus nonlabeled gifted students. Ss were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: nonlabeled, labeled achiever, or labeled underachiever. Ss were given packets containing student writing samples and were asked to score the papers…

The faculty's grading practices at Harcum Junior College were determined by questionnaires in 1967 and in 1969. Recommendations for changing the grading procedure were invited. Little change was noted from 1967 and 1969. In the recent study, however, fewer faculty members assigned grades on the basis of class curves alone; more were using a…

Deans of Instruction or Presidents of 94 junior colleges were asked what percentage of their faculty used a non-punitive A, B, C, W (withdraw) grading system, with no failing or F grade. The data shows a growing interest in such grading practices. There are three main arguments in favor of non-punitive grading: (1) an F grade is a double penalty,…

Author examines objective and subjective marking and considers that the more flexible subjective approach has gained credibility and respectability.'' (Editor)