This article outlines a model of the two basic components of a text, namely, the system of formal linguistic rules, and the realization of these rules into concrete discourse, by means of particular transformations. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

Grice's analysis of conversational maxims and implications is examined in the light of Malagasy language and ways of speaking. A cultural contrast in primary assumptions is described. (Author/RM)

Discusses the transitional unilateral code-switching observed in speakers of Hakka when speaking Cantonese. (CLK)

This study investigated undergraduate teacher education students' inclusion of males and females in selected generic nouns. The effects of test form (Masculine/Generic, Neutral/Generic); sex of student; and categories of items were tested. Significant effects for test form but not sex of student were obtained. (Author/RD)

Describes a classroom activity that emphasizes syntactic fluency and the richness of linguistic resources available in written language, while downplaying the "dos and don'ts" of traditional punctuation instruction. (RL)

Points out that writing errors of journalism students can result from faulty thought patterns involving thinking in sentence fragments, personifying objects, using bureaucratic abstractions, and condensing complex ideas; examines ways of dealing with sentence fragments and personification. (First of a two-part article.) (GT)

Progress or deterioration in language use was observed in two samples (one of 59 Ss, the other of 20 Ss) of severely retarded institutionalized residents (mean age 14.8 years). (Author/PHR)

The effect of nonstandard language usage (specifically Black speech styles and rural accents) on employment opportunities was explored through recorded interviews with White employers. Statistical regressions indicated that speech style and ethnicity had significant impacts on various employment ratings. (MF)

Proposes a conception of the term "literacy" in the context of the controls and the constraints that language usage exerts, demonstrating a marked distinction between literacy education and the "back to basics" approach. (RL)

Urges everyone in journalism or journalism education to emphasize the use of "sexless" plural pronouns where pertinent and possible. (RL)

Contains an interview with journalist Edwin Newman in which Newman urges that students be taught to use language with greater precision, and a response to Newman by John S. Mayher and Rita S. Brause. (DD)

Alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhyme, and rhythm in trade books can be used to increase children's awareness of language. (MKM)

Defends the valence theory as being useful in the constrastive aspect of foreign language teaching. Numerous examples are given illustrating how the semantic characteristics of the subject limit the possible choices of verbs that can occur with it. (IFS/WGA)

A survey of both junior and four-year college composition instructors revealed definite similarities in their preferences in a composition handbook. (MKM)

Reviews work in lexicology under the headings of General Studies, Special Vocabularies. Registering Neologisms, Analysis and Interpretation, and Prospects. Journal Availability: see FL 511 726. (KM)