This study used a classroom interaction system to code three 20-minute episodes in each of 40 elementary classrooms. The procedure was followed in October and again in May. An analysis was made to investigate the relationships between aspects of teacher praise and student participation in classroom discussions. Findings indicated that (a) praise…

This report describes an automated system for administering, scoring, and recording results of multiple-choice tests. The system consists of examinee station, proctor station, and central computer; the report describes the equipment and the programing characteristics of the respective components. The system is designed for tests tailored to the…

This paper explores the effects of item choice on ability estimation when using a tailored testing procedure based on the Rasch simple logistic model. Most studies of the simple logistic model imply that ability estimates are totally independent of the items used, regardless of the testing procedure. This paper shows that the ability estimate is…

This paper discusses the change in educational philosophy and practices in preschool and kindergarten education before and during the "Sputnik" era. Presented are four major factors that have exerted pressure on the schools to change from a developmental to an academic approach in preschool education: (1) the wave of adverse criticism of American…

The author uses a behavioral model to discuss probable and demonstrable conditions through which retardation might develop. Noted are criteria for etiological classification and explained are four reasons why terms such as cultural deprivation should not be used to label mentally retarded individuals. The need to consider developmental retardation…

This study (condensed from an unpublished doctoral dissertation, "Teacher-Child Interaction: A Study of the Relationships between Child-Initiated Questions and Nursery School Teacher Behavior," Wayne State University, 1966) examines the teaching and learning processes set in motion when four-year-old children question their teachers in nursery…

To test the impact of video feedback on teachers' eye-contact mannerisms in microteaching in inservice vocational teacher education, the study utilized video recordings from the data bank generated by previous studies conducted at the Ohio State University's Center for Vocational and Technical Education. The tapes were assigned through a…

One hundred twenty-eight preschool boys were subjects in a 4x2x2 factorial design to investigate the change in reinforcer efficacy as a function of prior stimulus exposure. The factors were: (1) amount of repetition, 5, 25, 45, or 65; (2) reinforcer, good or bell; and (3) satiator, good or bell. Two additional groups were run as control groups to…

In order to determine if significant relationships exist among intersensory transfer ability, intersensory perceptual shifting ability, modal preference, and reading achievement, a study was conducted using 90 randomly selected Oconee County, Georgia, third graders whose mean IQ was 98 and whose mean reading comprehension was grade 3.…

This annotated bibliography on memory is divided into 12 areas: information theory; proactive and retroactive interference and interpolated activities; set, subject strategies, and coding techniques; paired associate studies; simultaneous listening and memory span studies; rate and mode of stimulus presentation; rate and order of recall, and…

Four hundred and two fifth graders, 297 from 34 public schools and 105 from 14 parochial schools in Springfield, Massachusetts, participated in the second year of a reading enrichment project during 1967-68. The major cost categories of the program are reported in this document as well as the three major objectives. The overall objective is…

This study investigates the possibility that the reinforcement strength of stimuli can be enhanced by observational learning as well as by pairing with unconditioned reinforcers. The reinforcement strengths of two candies were determined for 40 preschool children as measured by rate of response on a button pressing apparatus. The children then…

A study was made to determine the reliability of subjective adult judgement in the selection of films for primary educable mentally handicapped (EMH) children. A selection of five films, all prerated according to standardized techniques and designated appropriate for primary level students, were presented for viewing by a primary class of…

An application of the two-paramenter logistic (Rasch) model to tailored testing is presented. The model is discussed along with the maximum likelihood estimation of the ability parameters given the response pattern and easiness parameter estimates for the items. The technique has been programmed for use with an interactive computer terminal. Use…

A descriptive summary of research at the University of Texas into the relationship between anxiety and performance is presented. Relevant research on the concepts of worry, emotionality, and state anxiety is reviewed. An instructional context involving a computer-managed course in educational psychology is described, along with the methodology…