Male and Female speakers in this study differed little in the amount or quality of their talk about emotions. The "folklinguistic" that females are more emotionally expressive than males was not supported. (PD)

Educational reformers tend to see teachers as passive consumers of innovations, while teachers view themselves as powerful, active, and autonomous in the classroom. Reform efforts have created the conditions for a power struggle over curriculum implementation. Future efforts must take into account these power relationships. (PP)

Forty-seven learning disabled and low-level readers were assigned to reading instruction programs on context cue use differing only in extent of student control of determination of errors. Students high in internality benefited more from instruction in which they determined response correctness; students low in internality benefited from…

An evaluation of the impact of an inservice course given at North East London Polytechnic indicates that teachers do not usually continue to investigate their practices, using procedures taught in the course, on returning to their schools. Questions about inservice education in general are raised by this evaluation. (Authors/PP)

Reviews major biochemical, psychoanalytic, and cognitive theories of depression with specific suggestions for counseling approaches to reduce prevalence and impact of depression that often accompanies physical illness. A case study illustrates the need for family as well as individual counseling. (Author/JAC)

Analyzes data from natural settings and controlled experiments in order to describe native speakers' responses to questions asked by nonnatives and discusses what variables of a nonnative's speech might elicit these responses. (EKN)

Prepublication copies of an extensive test familiarization booklet were sent to a random sample of Scholastic Aptitude Test candidates. The booklet had little, if any, effect on test scores, but it did alter examinees' tendencies to omit questions and improved their confidence with various aspects of test taking. (Author/PN)

A study investigated the hypothesis that poor comprehension or recall of task demands, rather than a putative lack of goal directedness, is a possible source of learning-disabled children's poor performance of experimental tasks. Clear instructions substantially facilitated performance by both normally achieving and learning disabled children of…

A study of how teachers form initial impressions of pupils examined the relative influence of speech style, physical appearance, and written work on teacher judgments of pupils on a wide range of classroom personality and cognitive variables. Pupil voice and accent were found to be a strong influence in judgments about the child as a learner.…

Reading is a transactional interplay between the reader and the text. Reading for cognitive understanding and for aesthetic enjoyment are very different processes. Schools tend to emphasize the first and neglect the second, although children first experience language in an aesthetic way. Reading instruction should emphasize both types of reading.…

Provides some insight into the statistical scope of the single father phenomenon. Pinpoints psychological, interpersonal and environmental stresses in the single father's life. Presents major characteristics of the single father and notes some counseling recommendations. (RC)

Observation, in-depth structured and unstructured interviews, and open-ended questionnaires were used to determine what being a teacher means to 35 public school teachers. Results focus on teachers' skills and development related to instructional mastery, classroom control, and social relations with students. (JN)

In two experiments, children were subjected to a delay of gratification procedure in which higher levels of reward were contingent upon maintaining waiting behavior. Results from both experiments indicated that the impact of a positive affect induction procedure on delay of gratification varied with age. (Author/DB)

Discusses a new alcohol education program offered to all the school boards in Ontario, Canada. Describes what initially seemed to be a simple process that became a series of barriers to overcome. Includes recommendations for future projects. (Author)

Three possible ways to link teachers with research on teaching and teaching practices are described: (1) rules, (2) evidence, and (3) schemata (which provide a way to "see" a phenomenon and to think about it). Illustrations are drawn from the Beginning Teacher Evaluation Study. Schemata on classroom time and teacher behavior are…