Discusses "critique" in an analysis of the relationship between discourse, text, and subjectivity, particularly as it relates to the teaching of poetry. Stresses how to make students more aware of the power of the text and to comprehend more fully the nature of their own responses. Illustrates with student responses to Blake's poem, "The Rose."…

Reports on a study of how older, Black women coped with racial and sex prejudice and/or institutional discrimination. Suggests that selected situational variables and personal factors interact and determine coping style, and that in some contexts, a less direct coping strategy may be more effective. (Author/ML)

A newly introduced approach, rule space, can represent large numbers of erroneous rules of arithmetic operations quantitatively and can predict the likelihood of each erroneous rule. The new model challenges the credibility of the traditional right-or-wrong scoring procedure. (Author/PN)

Studied viewpoints of 12-year-old Finnish students concerning the relation between man and nature and their own relation toward the natural world. Examined the cognitive level of thought processes, emotional considerations, and experiences shown in pupils' opinions. Found social, socio-economical, ecological, and ethical considerations had greater…

Reports on the reading processes of seven research physicists using data gathered from a series of interviews and observations. Reveals reading processes permeated with individual purposes and schema. (FL)

Concludes that structure of topic makes a difference in writing quality, fluency, and total error but not in any error ratio. Suggests that, for placement testing, educators should first decide which types of students they wish to identify, because each topic structure distinguishes low, average, and high ability students differently. Topic…

Describes dialogue journals, which provide natural, functional experiences with both reading and writing. Suggests guidelines for both their classroom implementation and for teachers' responses to children's journal entries. (FL)

Students rated domain-appropriate teacher responses to transgressions higher than domain-inappropriate or domain-undifferentiated responses. In addition, students generalized their ratings of teacher responses to their ratings of the teachers. (Author/BW)

Researchers studied how teachers' judgments about recognizing and reporting child abuse were affected by information about parents' socioeconomic status, ethnic status, and the child's level of injury. Teachers were less swayed by parent status than were physicians. (Author/PP)

The Test of Emotional Styles measures three broad dimensions of emotionality: responsiveness, expressiveness, and orientation. This study examined the relationships between the forced-choice Test of Emotional Styles dimensions and measures of related constructs. The patterns of correlations generally support the construct validity of the test.…

APPLE is a naturalistic observation system that can describe pupil and teacher behaviors and identify those behaviors that are significantly related to learning for a particular grade or instructional area. (MM)

Parents are a vital source of support for our schools. School personnel interact with parents on a daily basis and fortunately, most of these interactions are pleasant and helpful, keeping students' needs in mind. Instances of parental aggression, however, do occur. Volatile or confrontational parents present many unique challenges for educators…

Several methods for estimating item response theory scores for multiple subtests were compared. These methods included two multidimensional item response theory models: a bi-factor model where each subtest was a composite score based on the primary trait measured by the set of tests and a secondary trait measured by the individual subtest, and a…

This study aimed to determine the degree to which the inclusion of accommodated students with disabilities in the calibration sample affects the characteristics of item parameters and the test results. Investigated were effects on test reliability, item fit to the applicable item response theory (IRT) model, item parameter estimates, and students'…

The increased use of group work in teaching and learning has seen an increased need for knowledge about assessment of group work. This report considers exploratory research where the SOLO Taxonomy, previously used to analyse the quality of individual responses, is applied to group responses. The responses were created as part of an activity…