The present study was an attempt to alleviate some of the difficulties inherent in multiple-choice items by having examinees respond to multiple-choice items in a probabilistic manner. Using this format, examinees are able to respond to each alternative and to provide indications of any partial knowledge they may possess concerning the item. The…

This report focuses on the issue of how constraints of the school environment and teachers' beliefs about teaching influence classroom performance. Case studies of three teachers in two schools (one in a rural, the other in an urban district) are presented. Objective characteristics of the school settings (e.g., patterns of material and physical…

The purpose of this study was to characterize the behavior of 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children engaged in improvisational musical tasks. Ten subjects from each of the four age levels participated in the 4-year investigation, which lasted until the 2-year-olds reached 5 years of age. Children met individually with the investigator for 15 minutes…

A study was conducted to examine newspaper readers' responses to front page design and to explore the perceived differences among traditional, modern, and modular formats of newspaper design. Slides of the front pages of 10 pairs of competing daily newspapers were shown to 91 journalism students. After viewing three slides for each paper, subjects…

Noted are implications of and results of correlations among the three types of tests. (CH)

A continuous reinforcement, delayed classical eyelid-conditioning paradigm in combination with the peripheral vasomotor response of digital vasoconstriction was employed to examine the hypothesized attention deficit for 10 15-year-old educable mentally retarded and same-age nonretarded Ss. (Author/MC)

This study was designed to find how teachers differed in their tacit assumptions about classroom communication. (Author)

A video tape showing behavior of a deaf blind child was used to demonstrate behavioral change in unstructured, stimulus, task analysis, and interpersonal orientations over a 4-year period. (Author/MC)

This paper presents a study of empathy in 6- to 9-year-olds. Although empathy is primarily defined as the response of one individual to the emotional state of another, definitions and assessment can be further differentiated depending on the empathizer's response and on the source of the empathizer's knowledge of the other person. Is the…

This study examined the relationship between seventh graders' self-concept and level of cognitive development. It was hypothesized that level of cognitive development would predict self-concept response style (the tendency to select either extreme or less extreme descriptors on a likert-type scale), and that less cognitively mature young…

Two variables involved in attitude change provided the basis for this study, the cognitive complexity of the subject and the dimensions of stimulus materials. After a pretest, 165 interpersonal communication students were divided into two groups according to their cognitive complexity levels. The dimensions of the stimulus were presented on two…

This study investigates the question of whether or not exposure to televised professional sports affects the social behavior of young people who themselves actively engage in those sports. Lacrosse, hockey, baseball were monitored on television, with students questioned about the impact the behavior of the players (pro-social and anti-social) has…

This paper explores some themes which emerge frequently in lesbian relationships as both members of the couple strive to realize their unique potential. Some of the areas discussed are: (1) roles and the decision making process; (2) emotional expectations; (3) time alone and time together; (4) issues that arise when both persons value their work;…

This subcommittee report presents a history of congressional action regarding violence on television and then outlines conclusions and recommendations for legislative consideration. Acknowledging that excessive viewing of violence may have harmful effects on children, the report places responsibility for program content on the networks and…

A study involving four boys (9 to 14 years old) labeled as emotionally handicapped was conducted to examine the effect of a verbal cueing technique (involving an illogical statement which evokes psychological reactance) on behaviorally disordered children. Illogical statements made by the teacher produced positive change in target behaviors (such…