Responds to earlier article in this issue which recorded interview with C. H. Patterson regarding client-centered practice of supervision. Organized reactions to Patterson interview around these issues: context and structure of supervision; role of evaluation; issue of theoretical compatibility between supervisor and supervisee; and limitations of…

This article describes common causes of burnout, the stages of burnout, and ways of preventing burnout. The article emphasizes the "paralyzed perfectionism" of highly able adults and children who initially were dedicated to reaching high-level goals and suggests keeping a daily Strategies Diary in which personal rewards and stresses are recorded…

Presents several class activities for eighth and ninth graders that explore how different readings of a text are constructed, what values each reading supports, and whose interests it serves. Discusses multiple meanings, constructed readings, dominant and resistant readings, and reading character. (SR)

Questions assumptions of the New Historicism, a recent development in literary criticism. Suggests some problems that such an essentially political approach engenders. Includes lack of a common bond between author and reader, a universal model of historical change based upon the ideas of Marx and others, and contextualism. Argues that historians…

The relation of prosocial behavior of 53 preschoolers to different modes of vicarious emotional responses was examined. Videotapes were used to elicit empathy, whereas vicarious emotional responses and defensive behaviors were assessed by means of self-report, facial, and heart-rate indexes. (SH)

Studied age differences in children's understanding of (1) changes in emotional reactions to situations; and (2) the possibility that emotion might be controlled by situational or cognitive strategies. Children aged 4 to 15 years were more likely to suggest situational strategies than cognitive strategies for controlling emotion. (Author/GH)

Presents 35 strategies for dealing with common challenges that may arise in the cooperative learning classroom. Challenges include children who cannot get along, who prefer to be alone, who are unmotivated, who cannot keep up, who finish first, who finish last, and who make too much noise. (SM)

Describes an assignment in writing documentation that turns the classroom into a laboratory for usability testing, giving students a clear sense of the reader responding to their text. (SR)

A procedure is introduced for determining the effect of testlet nonequivalence on operating characteristics of a testlet-based computerized mastery test (CMT). The procedure, which involves estimating the CMT decision rule twice with testlet likelihoods treated as equivalent or nonequivalent, is demonstrated with testlet pools from the Architect…

A generalized variance criterion is proposed to measure efficiency in item-response-theory (IRT) models. Heuristic arguments are given to formulate the efficiency of a design in terms of an asymptotic generalized variance criterion. Efficiencies of designs for one-, two-, and three-parameter models are compared. (SLD)

A method is suggested to estimate the relationship between a latent trait and one or more manifest predictors without estimating subject parameters. The method, developed for the Rasch model, can be generalized to two-parameter and three-parameter logistic latent trait models. The model is illustrated with simulated and empirical data. (SLD)

The polytomous unidimensional Rasch model with equidistant scoring (rating scale model) is extended so that two parameters are linearly decomposed into certain basic parameters. A conditional maximum likelihood estimation procedure and a likelihood ratio test are presented in the context of the extended model (linear rating scale model). (SLD)

Neither teachers nor supervisors benefit from poor evaluation methods. Effective evaluation ultimately depends on the presence of open trust and communication within an organization. "Drive-by" shooting evaluations are often poorly disguised attempts to weed out a faculty member by confronting that person with virtually nothing but negative…

Notes innovation and creativity as an alternative to violent response to anger or frustration. Discusses prerequisites for success of social problem approach to conflict resolution and presents six specific steps to this approach and its benefits for both teacher and children. (HTH)

Students are rarely invited to become active participants in their own education. Empowering students positively affects their well-being, behavior and values, academic achievement, teachers, and understanding of democracy. Barriers to giving students more choice fall into three categories: structural impediments, teacher resistance, and student…