Investigation of how children's responses to black and white objects reflect racial concepts is reported. One series of experiments asking Headstart children to guess which objects they liked or disliked were hidden in black or white boxes. Although white children guessed more often that positively evaluated objects were in white boxes, black…

Developmental influences on temporal perspective is investigated. Objectives of the study were to clarify whether temporal perspective develops in a continuous or discontinuous fashion and to determine sex differences in relation to temporal perspective during adolescence. The study included 20 boys and 20 girls in each of four age groups: 9 &…

This research investigated the use of the Rasch simple logistic model in obtaining test-free ability estimates. Tests employing word, picture, symbol and number analogies were administered to college and high school students. The results show that the Rasch model does not offer an improvement over the use of percentile ranks in estimating…

This is a final report, for administrative purposes, of studies to be published in the general category of mathematical theory of social groups, with emphasis on the large groups typical of educational communities. Since the study of the large and complicated structures of high school and college communities is difficult by purely empirical…

Fifty-nine inservice teachers in grades 1 through 12 took "Minicourse 20: Divergent Thinking," a course training teachers to use brainstorming to stimulate divergent thinking in students. Tapes of brainstorming sessions were made before, after, and seven weeks after the course ended. Experimental teachers improved significantly more than controls…

The norms of behavior and the expectations of a child's primary groupings were examined to determine if they were consistent with those of the larger, more impersonal society. If the norms and expectations were consistent, then primary socialization was likely to be important in shaping the child's sense of nationality. Thus, the school could be…

The purpose of this research was to begin to refute the deficit approach to the verbal abilities of poor children. The contention was that data collected on poor children's verbal abilities had been done in incorrect social situations. Prior research had indicated that language development is innate and that disadvantaged children will be…

The results of the Pennsylvania Educational Quality Assessment program, Phase II, are interpreted. The first section of the manual presents a statement of each of the Ten Goals of Quality Education which served as the basis of the assessment. Also included are the key items on the questionnaires administered to 5th and 11th grade students. The…

Findings of Phase I (Pilot Program) of the Pennsylvania Assessment of Educational Quality program are presented in relation to the design of the phase, the rationale for measurement, the procedures for data collection and data processing, and the results of the first analysis of the data. Tests were given to 1413 fifth graders and 1285 eleventh…

Two-factor analyses of variance with multiple measurements on one factor were conducted for the five sections of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and six language groups, and also for the items of each section, based on data collected at the first administration of this form of the test, in October 1969. the principal findings,…

The purposes of this study were to examine and evaluate the importance of three variables of Bloom's mastery learning model. The variables studied were specification of objectives, use of diagnostic-progress (d-p) tests, and use of alternate resources. The study used four seventh grade and four eighth grade classes; each grade classes were…

The purposes of this book include the following: (1) to help students in acquiring knowledge and skills needed to design and conduct experimental research, (2) to acquaint potential researchers with the various methods and instruments that are available, and (3) to suggest new areas of research. These purposes are discussed in the three parts of…

The study of registers in language is the study of language as it varies according to "use." The situation in which language is used imposes certain constraints on the structure and lexical ingredients of the language. In this report, the author investigates the use of verbs in two different registers in English. The frequency of verbs in both…

The experiment described was designed to evaluate the possible effects on students in a small seminar of an evaluation system in which students were freed from some of the pressures of the conventional grading system and allowed to participate in the grading process, and to determine whether such participation would affect the acquisition of…

An analytical framework is described through which voluntary attrition can be predicted. The approach incorporates Marshallian Utility Theory and a Maximum Likelihood Estimation procedure to evaluate a specific individual's propensity to attrit. The approach was tested twice at the United States Air Force Academy where it was able to correctly…