Argues that policy-oriented educational research produced a new kind of knowledge: third order knowledge. Defines third-order knowledge as knowledge of and for experts whose purpose is the legislation and regulation of everyday lives. Proposes that expert knowledge motivates a critical analysis contextualized in a historical study of…

In forming an integrated theory of reflectivity as it occurs in clinical supervision, five experts in practitioner development were interviewed about attributes of supervisee reflectivity. Respondents' statements from initial interviews were categorized and presented to respondents for additional discussion. Grounded theory analysis was used to…

Examines the "reported speech" (in which speakers quote the speech of others or themselves) of college students concerning race. Finds that African Americans discursively portray Whites as unwilling to admit racism and stereotyping; and Whites frame African Americans as exaggerating racism or overemphasizing their ethnicity. Claims…

Identifies cognitive strategies used during the categorization of qualitative data and investigates how various factors may be related to the testimonial validity of the categories. Essay writers ranked sets of categories in terms of overall quality and rated them while thinking aloud. Think-aloud protocols for the "best" and…

Explores the nature of human inquiry groups and how such groups decide on a research agenda. Outlines the stages involved in the process and considers the value of human inquiry as a qualitative methodology for counseling research. Compares the roles of the human inquiry researcher and the counselor. (RJM)

This qualitative study examined comments of 250 parents of children with Down syndrome concerning facial plastic surgery as a means of improving the physical functioning, appearance, and social acceptance of these children. Most respondents viewed improvement of negative societal attitudes toward individuals with Down syndrome and futhering their…

Through teaching Appalachian Culture, a sociologist discovered that oral history in particular, and qualitative methods in general, balance quantitative data in presenting a complete picture. Direct experiences outside the classroom, such as field trips and community-based research encourage active, experiential learning. Because working in teams…

This ethnographic study explored perspectives of parents of young deaf children living in urban areas. Nine parents, two grandparents, and six staff members were intensively interviewed and observed over six months. Themes identified included diagnosis and grief, language struggles, systemic barriers, and impact of the urban setting.…

Examines how 18 school principals and assistant principals from 4 midsized school districts understood the meaning of inclusion and what processes (restructuring or reculturing) they would use to implement inclusion in their schools. Concludes that principals' inclusion implementation strategy focuses on school restructuring rather than…

Reports on a qualitative study of the effects of student teaching in urban secondary schools on the motivation of student teachers. Concludes that the demands of teaching in urban schools may discourage many talented but idealistic liberal arts graduates from pursuing a teaching career. (FMW)

Extends a previous study examining the relationship between reading comprehension and thinking skills by using an "on-line" reporting procedure in which undergraduate subjects reported on their reading during the process of reading. Reports that the extent of a reader's background knowledge affects the order of processing as well as the kinds of…

Proposes that ethnography is a useful tool for helping teachers understand the cultural context of their students. Examines a high school writing lab, emphasizing the role of the tutor. Describes the experiences of the writing lab staff in learning the culture of adolescents through ethnography. (RS)

The collaborative five-phase process of an action research team's two-year project in a New Hampshire junior high school is described. This qualitative study sheds light on team experiences, developmental phases, interpersonal tasks/issues, group processes, outcomes, and staff-development experiences. Team meetings/projects create an outlet for…

Defines Participatory Action Research (PAR) as involving practitioners in the research process and building objectives into the research design. Discusses the history of organizational behavior research, listing the lessons learned from the Hawthorne study. Views current research as following either the course of "normal social science"…

Discusses qualitative research and its application to educational evaluation. Approaches discussed include the following: (1) ethnography; (2) naturalistic inquiry; (3) generic pragmatic (sociological) inquiry; (4) connoisseurship/criticism; (5) metaphors; and (6) phenomenography. (FMW)