Compares the performances on psychometric and Piagetian measures of intelligence at school entry of children of different ethnic groups living within a dominant Western-type culture. In general, few significant differences between the ethnic groups are found. (Author/AM)

From the monthly Saturday Review supplement, "Education in America, sponsored by the Charles F. Kettering Foundation.

Arthur Jensen has argued that genetic differences in abstract reasoning ability, not cultural bias in the test item, are the causes of differences in standardized test performance between American Blacks and Whites. He used a study by Frank McGurk to support his argument. McGurk's study used test items judged most cultural or least cultural. These…

The relationship between field independence, intelligence, and social class was investigated in a group of 150 kindergarten, second, and third grade children. The effect of social class upon field independence was also studied after controlling for intelligence. The Portable Rod and Frame Test was administered ten times using instructions…

RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS INTO ACQUIRED VS. INHERENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS WERE PRESENTED. FINDING REVEALED THAT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS WERE AFFECTED BY THE ATTITUDES OF THEIR SCHOOLS TOWARD THEM AND TOWARD EDUCATION IN GENERAL. SEX DIFFERENCES IN BASIC INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT, AND PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY…

A reanalysis of B. Inhelder's (1968) data concerning cognitive development among retardates was performed by selecting from the original 159 subjects a sample of 104 educable mentally retarded Ss (7-19 years old) who were diagnosed as fixated or nonfixated at three of the cognitive stages postulated by Jean Piaget. The results indicated that among…

Briefly reviews the work of Paul Broca and his followers who used brain size measurements to argue for the inferiority of the female intelligence. (MA)

To clarify the roles of IQ and mental age (MA) in hypotheses behavior, MA-matched subjects at three levels of IQ and three levels of MA received blank trial discrimination learning problems using procedures designed to discourage position-oriented responding. (Author/BD)

Investigated whether men and women produced similar Verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Performance IQ patterns following unilateral cerebral lesions. No consistent evidence of Sex X Lesioned Hemisphere interactions was found. Differences in the lateralization effects between men and women were not reflected in direction or pattern but only in…

Mothers' use of true (non-controlling) and limiting (controlling) questions with 26 developmentally delayed and 26 nondelayed preschool children were examined. More true questions were asked with 4- than 2-year-olds, and with nondelayed than delayed children. Limiting questions decreased as nondelayed children grew older, but increased as delayed…

Prompted learning and transfer were compared for mildly retarded (N=26), average achieving (N=15) and above average (N=15) children (ages 11 to 16 years). Subjects learned a problem solving strategy which utilized a graduated series of prompts. Retarded children required more assistance and more training to learn and transfer the trained strategy.…

Three experiments were conducted with 91 male and 91 female university students to assess sex differences in performance on speeded matching tests and theory on same-different judgments. Results are interpreted via the dual-process hypothesis of same-difference judgments with sex differences explained in terms of serial comparison processes rather…

United States Employment Service data on the cognitive and noncognitive aptitude requirements of different occupations were used to create an occupational classification--the Occupational Aptitude Patterns (OAP) Map. Thirteen job clusters are arrayed according to major differences in overall intellectual difficulty level and in functional focus…