Three experiments are reported investigating experts' and laypersons' conceptions of intelligence. In the first experiment, persons studying in a college library, entering a supermarket, and waiting for trains in a railroad station were asked to list behaviors characteristic of either "intelligence,""academic intelligence,""everyday intelligence,"…

The relationship between two personality characteristics, creativity and risk-taking, was investigated in fifth grade students, ages 9-11 years (N equals 291). Creativity was explored by examing the factors of ideational fluency, spontaneous flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Risk-taking, studied in a classroom testing situation, was…

Investigated were psychological differences between 24 mongoloid and 56 nonmongoloid retarded Ss (mean age 17 years) by means of analyses of covariance and a discriminant analysis. After the covariance adjustments, only the psychomotor factor differed significantly between mongoloid and nonmongoloid groups. The visual perception factor was the…

This editorial suggests how the approaches of differential psychology and information processing psychology should be combined to study intelligence. Methods reviewed include factor analysis, componential analysis, and computer simulation. Guidelines for the specification of subtheories of intelligence, as well as future theories and methods for…

The role of mental age (MA) and visual-perceptual ability in number concept development was examined with 48 nonretarded and retarded children from regular school settings. (Author)

A reevaluation of a number of experiments suggests that normal and retarded persons differ on short-term memory tasks from the time of initial stimulus exposure. The hypothesis that memory differences are due to differential encoding as a result of more adequate rehearsal by the normal subjects is unacceptable. (Author/BW)

Two studies examined differences in intellectual ability associated with masculinity and femininity in high school and college students. Available from: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 355 Chestnut Street, Norwood, New Jersey 07648. (CL)

Examined the level of perceptual differentiation of 42 young adult drug addicts. Analysis of variance showed that addicts, like alcoholics, were less perceptually differentiated than normals. Correlational and/or multivariate procedures yielded significant relationships between differentiation, verbal and abstraction abilities, likelihood of…

The Rorschach was given to 60 school children in two designs: chronological age (CA) and mental age (MA) orthogonal and CA=MA. Responses were scored for Form Accuracy, Complexity, Movement and Friedman's Developmental Level (DL) Scoring System. The results suggest that the DL system does assess MA independently of CA. (Author/DEP)

Reports a study which sought to discover, through a sampling of members of the A.P.A., the degree to which they agreed with Jensen's statements regarding racial differences in intelligence and their genetic basis, and to note the presence of any associations between the responses and other potentially relevant data. (Author/JM)

Examines the emphasis in our culture which is placed on intelligence as measured by educational tests and suggests four possibilities to prevent an educational aristocracy. (RB)

Cognitive style was modified in a sample of 50 impulsive and 50 reflective fourth-grade boys. Subjects viewed a film-mediated model displaying a response style opposite to their own cognitive style. The specific cues in the model's behavior which facilitated shifts in cognitive style varied with the intellectual levels of the subject. (Author/WY)

It was concluded that age and IQ have strong influences on acquisition-retrieval, but that forgetting rate is independent of these variables. (Author)