THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES THE EFFECT THAT DIFFERING CULTURES AND BEHAVIOR PATTERNS WITHIN A COMMUNITY HAVE ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. HE STATES THAT COMMUNITY LEADERS MUST UNDERSTAND THESE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN ORDER TO ELICIT PARTICIPATION AND COOPERATION FROM BOTH INDIAN AND NONINDIAN RESIDENTS. THE AUTHOR ILLUSTRATES THE POINTS HE MAKES BY ACTUAL…

THE HYPOTHESIS THAT THE ANXIETY LEVEL OF SUBJECTS WILL AFFECT THEIR TENDENCY TO ACCUMULATE REACTIVE INHIBITION WAS TESTED. THE STUDY EMPLOYED THE CHILDREN'S MANIFEST ANXIETY SCALE TO IDENTIFY 120 HIGH AND LOW SCORERS AND AN INVERTED-NUMBER PRINTING TASK TO QUANTIFY REACTIVE INHIBITION. THE HYPOTHESIS WAS PARTIALLY CONFIRMED. WITH HIGHLY MOTIVATING…

The use of Restricted Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) as a treatment procedure was evaluated with eight autistic children of two age groups: 6 to 8 years and 9 to 11 years. The stimulation of the environment was reduced to a minimum for 48 hours. Psychological assessment was performed as well as measures of Ss' learning rates on…

Observers can decide what kind of relationship exists between two people by identifying cues provided by the pattern of benefits given and received in relationships and the type of relationship, either communal or exchange. Communal relationships, i.e., friendships or romances, are characterized by feelings of responsibility for each other's…

The study compared the behavior of 61 preschool autistic children with that of 35 retarded children matched for mental age and 30 normal children matched for chronological age. Ss were rated on a 67 item Behavior Observation Scale during three free play sessions. Among findings were that six behaviors (grimace/gesticulation, echolalic speech,…

The effect of externally-mediated goal setting on intrinsic motivation was examined using a laboratory assembly task. College male subjects (N=80) were randomly assigned in a factorial design including two conditions of goal setting (assigned vs. no goals) and two conditions of initial task interest (interesting vs. boring task). The results show…

Reward contingencies and other extrinsic constraints on behavior can lead to reduced levels of interest in and/or decreased engagement in a target activity in a subsequent noncontingent situation. It has been hypothesized that this effect is caused by a change in the self-perceived locus of motivation from intrinsic to extrinsic. It follows from…

THE PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH WAS TO OBSERVE THE CONSISTENCY OF INTRA-INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY FROM ONE TASK TO ANOTHER, TO DETERMINE THE RELIABILITY OF OBSERVATIONS OF INTRA-INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY, AND TO OBSERVE THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE ACCURACY OF PREDICTION VARIED WITH THE CONSISTENCY OF THE INDIVIDUAL'S BEHAVIOR. MALE ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT THE…

The purpose of this study was to measure nonverbally the preference of alternative responses when the net probability of being rewarded was the same. A demonstration of preference under these circumstances would suggest the ability to control or maintain behavior without explicit administration of a reinforcing agent. Head Start children were used…

Behavior modification is discussed as a new approach to teaching and curriculum implementation in physical education. It is suggested that behavior modification offers physical education several advantages: (1) extensive research findings of various kinds directly applicable to the work of the physical education teacher; (2) a set of behavioral…

This study tests the hypothesis that persons will express relatively independent degrees of preference for ambiguity in different experiential domains. An original measure consisting of four subscales was developed to assess individual differences in the theoretical, social, economic and aesthetic domains, and was administered to a student sample.…

This volume presents a collection of writings from a coalition of black educators. Through a survey of some of the literature, the first study attempted to identify the sources of the misconceptions in the description and the behavior of black Americans. The second paper examines several assumptions about black children and families inherent in…

A notation system for the representation of interacting plans of action is presented in this paper and applied in the analysis of a portion of "Hansel and Gretel." The notation system explicates interactions among plans: how cooperation takes place, how conflicts arise and are resolved, how beliefs about plans determine actions, and how…

The paper addresses the assessment and management of hyperkinesis in children. Recent research is reported to show that hyperkinetic children differ in psychological functioning, which might account for varying reactions to stimulant medication. An evaluation procedure which identifies the subgroups of hyperkinetic children using behavioral and…

Performance variables were manipulated to elicit differential outcomes of success and failure for dyad members in an attempt to investigate resultant bargaining and distribution of rewards. Seventy, 10-12-year old children (36 female, 34 males) were placed into dyads controlling for age, sex, I.Q., and friendship choices. Self-allocations were…