Five formulas for identifying discrepancies for eligibility as learning disabled (LD) were applied to 137 children (ages 6-14) already diagnosed as LD. Among results cited was that 64 percent were not identified as LD by any formula. Issues concerning the use of discrepancy formulas for LD screening are discussed. (Author/JW)

Based on frequency of citations in the Social Science Citation Index, 33 prominent articles on learning disabilities (1976 to 1985) were compared with randomly selected articles in 16 categories, including funding source, research design, and statistical method. Discussion focuses on characteristics and quality of articles influencing the learning…

In two experiments, the importance of mnemonic illustrations for improving the learning and memory performance of learning disabled adolescents was studied. Results showed that students learned more when they studied passages with mnemonic pictures and that mnemonic instruction facilitated students ability to make inferences about information…

After a response to previous papers on the future of the learning disabilities field, the paper discusses human motivation, and proposes the goal of self determination for all education. Self determination can be promoted by well trained teachers who provide experiences with optimal challenge, encourage autonomy and competence, and acknowledge…

An interdependent group-managed response-cost system mediated by free tokens was employed to decrease inappropriate verbalizations of two groups of elementary-level learning disabled children (N=9). Results indicated that this contingency system was a viable and effective method of decreasing inappropriate behavior. Peer pressure was credited for…

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was administered to 56 learning disabled children, using standard assessment procedures and format as outlined by Wechsler. Abbreviated Intelligence Quotient (IQ) scores were then derived by applying the Kennedy-Elder (K-E) formula. Frequent IQ classification changes rendered the K-E…

Results of the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), and Wide Range Achievement Test were compared for 66 learning disabled children in grades one through six. The TONI mean score was found to be significantly different from the WISC-R Performance Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Implications…

Discrepancies between ability and achievement were examined in second grade scores, and again in fifth grade test scores, for two groups of low achievers: learning disabled (n=20) and non-learning disabled (n=20). The two groups differed significantly in relative discrepancy scores in fifth grade, but not in second. (Author/JW)

This article identifies the characteristics of learning diabled education majors, examines the underlying legal issues presently affecting teacher education, and proposes equitable guidelines and procedures for ensuring quality preservice training for the learning-disabled. (Author/CB)

Twenty fifth- and sixth-grade normal and disabled readers learned the meaning and pronunciation of unfamiliar words varying in length and in letter-sound regularity and complexity. Naming accuracy and latency were more strongly related to both regularity and complexity for disabled readers. (Author/BS)

The measured effects of captioned television upon the sight vocabulary, comprehension, and oral reading performance of 77 learning disabled students from 4 Maryland schools suggest that both captioned television with sound and conventional television enhance the reading skills of learning disabled students. (7 references) (MLF)

This study investigated the prevalence of learning disabilities among 189 male inmates in a county jail setting. If inmates scored below the sixth-grade level, they were further tested. From this procedure, it was concluded that there is a much higher rate of learning disabilities among the adult offender population than among the general…

Evaluated number of format and direction changes across tests and grade levels of major elementary standardized reading achievement tests. Number of format changes varies from one change every 1.2 minutes on Metropolitan Achievement Test Level E1 to one change every 21.3 minutes on P1 level of Stanford Achievement Test. (Author)

Reports on two treatment studies of special education students markedly helpless with regard to arithmetic: one comparing attribution retraining treatment to control treatment matched to it in schedule of successes and failures; the other comparing effects of three success-failure schedules on attributions and persistence. (Author/NRB)

Kindergarten children (N=103) were administered three tests of visual-motor integration: Bender Gestalt Test, Beery Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration and Geometric Design subtest of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Issues discussed include interscorer reliabilities, correlations among scores, correlations…