Digital environments like learning management systems can afford opportunities for students to engage in cognitive learning strategies including preparatory reading of advance organizers including lecture outlines and self-testing using ungraded quizzes. When timed appropriately, self-testing can afford distributed practice, an optimal approach to…

The aim of this study is to investigate the cognitive process dimension of the revised Bloom's taxonomy in the question preparation of prospective primary school teachers in fourth grade Turkish and mathematics courses. This research is a descriptive study carried out following the survey model, one of the quantitative research methods. The study…

Knowing what one knows and accurately monitoring one's own capacities and performance on a moment-to-moment basis are important determinants of task success. Individual differences in such metacognitive monitoring are well documented, but what determines an individual's monitoring accuracy in a particular context is yet to be fully understood. One…

This study aimed to understand the role of load reduction instruction (LRI), a framework of instructional strategies designed to reduce cognitive load, and its association with motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes in mathematics. We examined data from 221 students from 39 classrooms and tested a hypothesised longitudinal multilevel model.…

This study aimed to investigate EFL students' writing strategies used in comparison to gender and year level. A descriptive-comparison design was used for this study, whereby a total of 148 English major students participated from Wolkite University and Wachamo University. To this end, the data were collected through questionnaire. The results of…

According to Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism, self-efficacy and academic achievement can have a mutual influence over one another. While empirical research generally supports this position, little focus has been given to within- and between-person factors that may moderate this relationship. The present study explored how initial…

In this study, we examined one experienced mathematician's class practices, with particular attention to cognitive model described in genetic decomposition. Our findings indicate that students only had limited opportunities to be familiar with the first three steps in genetic decomposition, which may potentially lead students to answer limit tasks…

Children in the United States live in a highly racialized society and, as a result, acquire an awareness of race at an early age, eventually developing an understanding of racism (Quintana, 2008). Understanding race and racism is especially relevant for Black children, given their marginalized status in the U.S. and the likelihood that they will…

The concentration in K-12 education on higher-order thinking has diminished the importance of math fact automaticity, which is the ability to deliver a correct answer immediately from long-term memory without impeding the working memory. This quantitative study investigated the influence of automaticity of high school students on their Missouri…

When learning chemistry, students must learn to extract chemical information from mathematical expressions. However, chemistry students' exposure to mathematics often comes primarily from pure mathematics courses, which can lead to knowledge fragmentation and potentially hinder their ability to use mathematics in chemistry. This study examines how…

Textbooks play an important role in teachers' instructional decisions (Jones & Tarr, 2007), which consequently affects students' learning. This paper reports on a comparison of the elementary mathematics textbooks used in Iran and the United States, the Go-Math textbook. I analyzed topic sequences, frequency of the tasks, and cognitive demands…

This book analyses discourses of the use of motivation theories in schools globally. It focuses on the overall impact of motivation theories on teachers, students' engagement, well-being, academic excellence, standards, equity and global competitiveness. It examines the role of motivation theories impacting on teachers and students in the…

The theory of metaphor has gone through its development, starting with the works of Aristotle, in which it was begun, to the present state, when the linguistic paradigm became anthropocentric, and all linguistic phenomena are considered in direct connection with a person, his thinking, with society. The metaphor, which manifests the principle of…

Younger children's free recall from episodic memory is typically less organized than recall by older children. To investigate if and how repeated learning opportunities help children use organizational strategies that improve recall, the authors analyzed category clustering across four study-test cycles. Seven-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and young…

Young children often struggle to answer the question "what would have happened?" particularly in cases where the adult-like "correct" answer has the same outcome as the event that actually occurred. Previous work has assumed that children fail because they cannot engage in accurate counterfactual simulations. Children have…