The study examined differences in the number of restorations in permanent, posterior teeth for those children receiving dental sealants with cost sharing when compared to children who do not receive sealants. Results indicated a 51 percent reduction in restoration rates for each quadrant sealed. Findings have implications for cost savings and…

Doctors making end-of-life medical care decisions for decisionally incapacitated older patients often rely on family in choosing what patient would have wanted. Used vignette-based study to examine ability of proxies to choose as patients reported they would have chosen. Discusses implications for use of advance directives for end-of-life care and…

Surveys some major theoretical contributions to evolvement of concepts about adolescence. Outlines historical perspectives regarding development of inpatient and residential institutions, followed by brief discussions of follow-up studies evaluating both forms of treatment. Provides general overview of outcome research, focusing on underlying,…

Nurses can miss important cultural traditions and values that relate to sources of ethnic power in families. Continued efforts by nurses to learn about these values helps them assist families with health care decisions. (JOW)

Long-term care of the elderly raises conflicts between personal autonomy and well-being. Assessments of decision-making capacity and definitions of negative and positive autonomy pose value-laden dilemmas for caregivers. (SK)

Team physicians and coaches need a working knowledge of the pathophysiology of sports injuries to the larynx and trachea, carefully examining any such injuries because they could develop slowly and without symptoms into a compromised airway. Laryngeal and tracheal anatomy are discussed along with diagnosis and treatment. (SM)

Arthritic patients who regularly do aerobic exercise make significant gains in aerobic and functional status, and in subjective areas like pain tolerance and mood. Still, they are often advised to curtail physical activity. Guidelines are presented for physicians prescribing aerobic exercise. An exercise tolerance test is recommended. (SM)

Analysis of natural speech patterns occurring between a male psychiatrist and a female patient revealed how the patient's increased use of tag questions reflected her growing independence, self-confidence, and psychological adjustment. (Author/CB)

To explore possible misconstruing of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) profiles, MMPI-2 protocols from 196 clinical outpatients were compared to 196 randomly generated protocols in a 3-stage scale development procedure designed to detect inconsistent responses. Results support the new scale as a screening measure. (SLD)

Presents art therapy intervention protocol developed for burn trauma unit over 10-year period. Considers research model for assessing artwork and psychosocial transition from trauma, rationales for art therapy in medical settings, and documentation. Case study illustrates ways that art media were used to review, integrate, and express personal…

The relationship between Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) scores and major depression, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorders was studied for 107 psychiatric inpatients aged 12 to 18 years. Findings support total CDI score, rather than factor scores, as the most practical measure for classifying participants as depressed or not. (SLD)

Analysis of the pairwise preferences of pairs of gambling stimuli elicited from each of 40 chronic schizophrenic inpatients, 32 schizophrenic outpatients, and 33 siblings or parents of these patients indicates that choice behavior was usually determined by the expected value of the stimuli, with no significant differences among groups. (SLD)

Finds that senior staff at St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Washington, DC, were consistently positive in their evaluation of bibliotherapy as a modality. Discusses the kinds of patients that benefit the most and the least from bibliotherapy. (RS)

Discusses, in context of physician-patient relationship, workable model on advance directives for physicians to use with patients along with appropriate guidelines. Examines variables involved in establishment of guidelines for use by physician in office and inpatient settings. Identifies key management and clinical factors for initiating and…

Presents case of 29-year-old white male veteran, whose case illustrates need for coordination of inpatient and outpatient services for chronically suicidal patients to reduce risk during transition. Includes comments on case from Phillip Kleespies, Sarah Marshall, Teri Pokrajac, and Richard Amodio and from Mark Goldblatt. (NB)