The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a recently developed semiordered model can be used to explore the functioning of neutral response options in rating scale data. Huggins-Manley, Algina, and Zhou developed a class of unidimensional models for semiordered data within scale items (i.e., items with both ordered response categories and…

A growing body of literature points to the possibilities offered by postsurvey interviewer observations as a source of paradata to obtain insights into data quality. However, their utility in predicting actual behavior of respondents has attracted limited scholarly attention so far. Using data from Round 7 of the European Social Survey, we aim to…

A reminder can render consolidated memory labile and susceptible to amnesic agents during a reconsolidation window. For the case of threat memory (also termed fear memory), it has been suggested that extinction training during this reconsolidation window has the same disruptive impact. This procedure could provide a powerful therapeutic principle…

In-class feedback is an invaluable component of the teaching and learning process. It is an important tool by which students understand how well they are doing and what they need to do differently before completing their final assessments and receiving their summative marks. It also enables teachers to assess how well their students are following…

This booklet is a conceptual introduction to item response theory (IRT), which many large-scale testing programs use for constructing and scoring their tests. Although IRT is essentially mathematical, the approach here is nonmathematical, in order to serve as an introduction on the topic for people who want to understand why IRT is used and what…

Learning progressions (LPs) are "descriptions of the successively more sophisticated ways of thinking about a topic that can follow one another as children learn about and investigate a topic over a broad span of time" (National Research Council, 2007). One challenge that arises in LP research is the collection of evidence to ensure that…

Many popular global model-data fit indices (GFIs), such as Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), and Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals (SRMSR) are proposed and widely used in the context of structural equation modeling (SEM) with continuous data. The proposed cutoffs of those…

With the development of technology-enhanced learning platforms, eye-tracking biometric indicators can be recorded simultaneously with students item responses. In the current study, visual fixation, an essential eye-tracking indicator, is modeled to reflect the degree of test engagement when a test taker solves a set of test questions. Three…

In the literature, response style is one of the factors causing an achievement-attitude paradox and threatens the validity of the results obtained from studies. In this regard, the aim of this study is two-fold. Firstly, it attempts to determine which item response tree (IRTree) models based on the generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approach…

This study replicates Bitchener and Knoch (2010), which reported that written corrective feedback (WCF) targeting two single-rule English article functions (first mention "a" and subsequent mention "the") is effective. The current replication study repeats the original study in most respects but adds to the assessment of the…

The purpose of the present study was to determine if individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display a unique pattern of responses on the Personality Assessment Inventory-Adolescent (PAI-A). Twenty adolescents between ages 12 and 18 completed the PAI-A, and their scores were compared to matched community and clinical samples from the…

The growing number of English Learners (ELs) in American schools has led to increasing referrals of these students for special education, including speech-language services. These ELs are frequently overidentified as having a language impairment (LI) due to biased assessment practices that are not legal or grounded in research promoting best…

The aim of this study was to investigate the social skill levels of families who have children with mild intellectual disabilities and the effect of alexithymic status on their orientation to sports. The study group consisted of 194 families who have children with mild intellectual disabilities. Personal Information Form, Toronto Alexithymia Scale…

Purpose: Individuals with cerebellar ataxia (CA) caused by cerebellar degeneration exhibit larger reactive compensatory responses to unexpected auditory feedback perturbations than neurobiologically typical speakers, suggesting they may rely more on feedback control during speech. We test this hypothesis by examining variability in unaltered…

There is an increasing trend in cloud adoption of enterprise applications in, for example, manufacturing, healthcare, and finance. Such applications are routinely subject to targeted cyberattacks, which result in significant loss of sensitive data (e.g., due to data exfiltration in advanced persistent threats) or valuable utilities (e.g., due to…