Investigated depressive symptoms in rape victims (N=115) for one year following their assaults. Depressive symptoms were higher in victims than in controls. By four months postrape, depressive symptoms in the victim group had diminished, and the victims were no longer significantly different from the nonvictim control group. (Author)

Compared pharmacological and social-learning influences on development of alcohol-related expectancies. Investigated adolescents in transition from nondrinking to adult drinking practices. Six expectancy factors repeated across age groups: physical tension reduction, diversion from worry, increased interpersonal power, magical transformation of…

Examines the gap between empirical knowledge and theoretical explanations regarding psychological and social factors related to work, employment, and unemployment. Discusses the nature of the public debate about work and its relation to social research. Calls for an ordering device to counteract biased selection of research findings. (Author/GC)

Investigated patterns of conflict style and conflict outcome as associated with degree of marital satisfaction. Young married couples (N=244) responded to a questionnaire. Found four types of conflict resolution patterns. Data analysis indicated that marital satisfaction was most highly related to intimacy and aggression. (RC)

Interviewed persons (N=36) who had been close to death as a result of a suicide attempt to determine whether such persons report near-death experiences. Half related such experiences; these were more common for men. Found three patterns in suicide-related, near-death experiences. (Author/JAC)

Investigated the influence on group formation of feedback provided by potential members. Results indicated choices students made varied according to the pertinence of the feedback to the characteristics of the problem. Suggests a sociometric choice in the form of attraction to the feedback provider could indicate the existence of such pertinence.…

Sex-typed and androgynous males were assigned to a masculinity threat, masculinity validation, or control treatment group. Sex-typed males responded anxiously to sex-role threat and reported exaggerated levels of masculinity and antisocial behavior. Androgynous males reported anxiety but responded by lowering their levels of masculine endorsement.…

Examined utility of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) as a longitudinal predictor of psychosocial adaptation to cancer. A post hoc discriminant analysis revealed that 75% of all patients could have been correctly classified into a high-distressed v a low-distressed cancer patient group using only the MMPI. (Author)

Studied the nature of diurnal mood variations in 173 persons aged 13 to 82. Results indicated adolescents and young adults tended to report better moods toward evening while middle-aged and elderly persons reported better moods in the morning. Limited findings suggest the opposite trends for depressed psychiatric patients (Author/JA)

Studied the relationship between the Character Disorder Style (CDS) subscale of the Multivariate Personality Inventory and psychopathy. Results clearly showed the independence of the CDS subscale and psychopathy. Additionally, the manic style subscale was independent from both psychopathy and the CDS subscale. (Author/JAC)

Investigated the relation between the understanding of desires for change and marital satisfaction. Subjects consisted of two samples, 77 married couples and 75 cohabiting and married couples. In both samples, the discrepancy index indicated that understanding was significantly positively correlated with marital satisfaction. (Author)

The authors propose the existence of a self-fulfilling cycle, in which negative stereotypes of aging create environments where the physical and psychological decline of aging develops and perpetuates the stereotypes. (Author/CT)

Presents psychiatric evidence regarding immediate and long-term effects of concentration camp internment. Many survivors exhibit a concentration camp syndrome which somewhat resembles combat stress reaction; adaptive behavior of survivors is viewed as less important than luck. Language is considered inadequate to describe the psychological impact…

Among a relatively large sample of male, young adult prison inmates, four different therapy analogues, along with placebo and untreated controls, were compared as to their effects in reducing stress induced autonomic reactions. The only effective "treatment" proved to be one involving self-concept/self-esteem enhancement. (Author)

The measurement of psychological states requires an entirely different technology from the classical personality inventory assessments of psychological traits. Differences in the requirements of state v trait measurement are discussed. Problems of naming, labelling, describing, defining, and interpretation are discussed in relation to…