To promote computational thinking in mathematics education, Scratch is used to foster students' computational thinking and mathematical understanding. However, students face challenges in block-based programming environments, such as having low motivation, high anxiety, and cognitive loads. This study combined the pedagogical values of Geogebra…

Second language (L2) grammar learning is difficult. Two frameworks--the psycholinguistic lexical bottleneck hypothesis and the neurocognitive declarative/procedural model--predict that faster L2 lexical processing should facilitate L2 incidental grammar learning. We tested these predictions in a pretest-posttest syntactic adaptation study of…

Probes are follow-ups to survey questions used to gain insights on respondents' understanding of and responses to these questions. They are usually administered as open-ended questions, primarily in the context of questionnaire pretesting. Due to the decreased cost of data collection for open-ended questions in web surveys, researchers have argued…

This research addresses challenges faced by non-native speakers in primary school, specifically focusing on the proficiency of Malay essay writing skills. A qualitative study was conducted among five primary school teachers in the Kapit area of Sarawak, specializing in Malay language. They were selected through purposive sampling to actively…

Uncertainty tolerance (UT) describes how individuals perceive and respond to uncertainty. Quantitative UT scales developed with physicians have been widely used in the health professions literature; however, recent studies have raised questions about their validity when implemented among students. This study explored response process validity of…

This report describes the process of developing and validating the enhanced ACT. The report describes the changes made to the test content and the processes by which these design decisions were implemented. The authors describe how they shared the overall scope of the enhancements, including the initial blueprints, with external expert panels,…

Teachers consistently grapple with how to make writing fun and engaging. While long-form writing has its value, research shows that balancing genre-based units with frequent, on-demand writing tasks to help children communicate effectively and reflect on their learning might be the key to success. "My Kids Can't Write" provides…

The History of Design course is a foundational component for art and design students; however, many students perceive it as abstract and unengaging, mainly due to its highly conceptual nature and traditional lecture-based teaching methods. To address these challenges, this study investigates the impact of AI-generated virtual instructors and a…

Background: Amidst the increasing application of online education in the post-COVID era, new challenges in student engagement have emerged. However, most studies on online engagement have adopted macro-level approaches and relied on self-report measures of retrospective engagement. Few have examined micro-level engagement in terms of real-time and…

The measurable effects of music in online learning remains a topic of extensive debate, largely due to inconsistent findings within existing literature. Many of these inconclusive results stem from research methodologies that focus on singular perspectives, often overlooking a balance between cognitive challenges and emotional benefits of…

Story-time serves as an interactive linguistic tool through which parents encourage their children to share narratives. Grounded in sociocultural and narrative theories, this study employed a visual ethnographic approach to explore how parents perceive and engage in story-time interactions within 33 Chinese families. Data were collected through…

Objectives: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) risk in young adults is impacted by both affective and cognitive responses to stress. While previous research shows affective reactivity (AR) increases risk for NSSI, less research has examined the role of cognitive reactivity (CR). The current study examined how individual differences in CR to stress…

The concept of number emerges from the interaction of psychological, behavioral, and material elements of numerical cognition, collapsing the distinction between "abstract" and "concrete." This dual nature is evident in the Inca numerical system, where tools like the yupana integrate abstract numerical concepts with concrete…

All students deserve to be engaged in high-quality science instruction that moves beyond memorization and recall of facts and offers opportunities for sensemaking. Science achievement is alarmingly low signifying there is a large percentage of students experiencing difficulty in science. The low science achievement may be symptomatic of gaps in…

How students perceive the difficulty of a reading task may significantly influence their reading process and outcome. This perception of task difficulty is determined by the objective features of a reading task and their affective responses toward it. From the stance of cognitive load theory, the current study examined the interaction between…