Presents Information Manipulation Theory to describe the different ways that information can be manipulated in the production of deceptive messages. Suggests that deceptive messages covertly violate principles governing conversational exchanges regarding quantity, quality, manner, and relevance of information that should be presented. (SR)

Tests Information Manipulation Theory by evaluating messages for perceived deceptiveness and competence. Finds that manipulations of amount, veracity, relevance, and clarity of information all significantly influence perceived message deceptiveness and perceived message competence. (SR)

Three experiments examined the reasons for children's failure on tasks involving deception. Results indicated that children were no better at understanding deception when they participated in deception than when they observed it. Children's difficulty in understanding deception appeared to be associated with a conceptual difficulty. (BC)

Investigates the degree to which senders can vary discourse on demand along five fundamental dimensions and receivers (observers) can recognize such variations. Confirms that deceptive communication is less complete, honest, direct/relevant, clear, and personalized (attributable to the speaker) than truthful communication. (SR)

Asserts that theory of mind is unique to humans and that its original function was to provide a more abstract level of describing ancient behavioral patterns, such as deception, reconciliation, and gaze following. Suggests that initial selective advantage of theory of mind may have been increased flexibility of already-existing behaviors, not…

This article explores the phenomenon of corruption that has become common in higher education in developing countries around the world. Cases of educational corruption include, among others, paying bribes for grades, buying diplomas, and admissions to universities. An available body of literature on educational corruption does not provide…

Many people still have not heard about the many ways identity theft via bogus e-mail links, or "phishing," is escalating, with criminals becoming ever more brazen and sophisticated in their online schemes to trick people into revealing their personal information. The tricksters are getting trickier. One of the newest scares involves…

This article discusses how the degrees earned by a dozen educators on the Internet have raised fraud issues. Small firms known as "credential evaluators" help states and school districts detect educators who present phony or flimsy academic credentials from overseas institutions--a safeguard that is becoming more important with the…

I ask the question, "Are faculty who allow dishonesty morally responsible for their students' actions?" By "allow" I mean ignoring dishonest actions or designing courses in ways that facilitate these actions. I answer this question via a discussion of four issues: normative expectations, doing versus allowing, unavoidable action, and…

There are situations in public policy where there are figurative $100 bills lying around waiting to be picked up. Public investment in college students is one such case. To the government, each potential college graduate is a figurative $560,000 bill lying on the ground. True, it costs $74,500 to pick it up, but that is obviously a great deal.…

This research examined adolescents' judgments about lying to circumvent directives from parents or friends in the moral, personal, and prudential domains. One hundred and twenty-eight adolescents (12.1-17.3 years) were presented with situations in which an adolescent avoids a directive through deception. The majority of adolescents judged some…

This study employed the Basic Personality Inventory (BPI) to differentiate various types of dis-simulation, including malingered psychopathology and faking good, by inmates. In particular, the role of intelligence in utilizing symptom information to successfully malinger was examined. On admission to a correctional facility, 161 inmates completed…

In this paper the author examines the relationships between the educational technology movement, the computer industry, the administration's education policies, and the Inquisition. Examples of ways in which information is manipulated, distorted, and denied public scrutiny are discussed. (Contains 1 table.)

Clinicians must often rely on self-report data to make a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults. Unfortunately, self-report data are subject to intentional distortion. This becomes a concern when assessing for the disorder in the college population due to perceptions that there are benefits to having a documented…

It is imperative for divinity and health administration programs to improve their level of ethics education for their graduates who work as health administration chaplains. With an initial presentation of the variation of ethical dilemmas presented in health care facilities covering social, organizational, and patient levels, we indicate the need…