This paper reviews the history of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency from the first international conference on the study of mental deficiency in 1960, the birth of the organization in 1964, international congresses of the organization every three or four years since, and official recognition by the World…

Presents five definitions of "systemic change," ranging from "working with school districts or education departments to effect change" (vertical approach) to "working with every school in a system" or "working with every aspect of the school system (horizontal approaches). "Systemic" can also mean…

Includes annotated entries for associations and organizations headquartered in North America whose interests are in some manner significant to the fields of instructional technology and educational media. Entries are separated into sections for the United States and Canada. The U.S section begins with a classified list of organizations according…

Through a tightly structured educational administration, the Communist regime centralized the governance of higher education institutions in 1949. Based on the state-control model, the Chinese state government extended its control by a two-tier system composed of vertical and horizontal components. Both components ran their own groups of higher…

Academic debate around transnational concepts such as globalization and development has not been matched by interrogation of their public roles in the "North". Despite this, a range of governmental policies are emerging in the UK focused on engendering global citizenship and educating about "global" and "development"…

To teach business today requires that we go beyond classroom learning and encourage real world, cross-functional experiences and applied management decision-making. This paper describes an innovative approach that requires students to apply their function-specific knowledge of business, integrated with other functional areas, to an authentic…

The construction and opening of a new school adds a new dimension to the principal's role. The purpose of this study was to describe the duties and responsibilities of a principal opening a newly constructed school, during the year preceding the opening of the school, and during the first year of occupancy in that school. The study was enriched by…

This is the final report in Casey's "Closing the Achievement Gap" series that highlights stories, results, and lessons learned from more than a decade of education investing. This publication presents an overview of the Foundation's support to four organizations, each of which targeted technical assistance to a specific audience. It summarizes…

The 1999 Academic Senate for California Community Colleges paper, "The Role of Academic Senates in Enrollment Management", presented principles for effective faculty participation in developing policies and making decisions that affect course offerings. In 2007, an Academic Senate resolution called for an update to that paper, to provide…

As part of its work to advance the multiple pathways approach to high school education, the James Irvine Foundation engaged the Bridgespan Group to develop a framework for assessing the nature and needs of the fields in which nonprofits operate. These agents of change often struggle to understand how to focus their field-building investments and…

The racial and ethnic demographic landscape of American society and postsecondary education is changing at an accelerated rate whereby people-of-color are becoming the numerical majority. Yet, little is known about the response to these changes particularly in the area of leadership. There is minimal evidence to suggest that members of racial and…

Access to post-secondary education for welfare recipients has been profoundly curtailed by social and welfare policies. However, many low-income mothers know that post-secondary education is the best means to escape poverty. This article focuses on five "student mothers" who have persisted in fulfilling their dreams of a college education with the…

The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) proposition 3 states "teachers are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning." They know how "...to organize instruction to meet instructional goals." This article provides 14 organizational patterns for use in organizing instruction in any of the content areas. The 14…

African Americans give a larger percentage of their disposable income to non-profits than any other racial group, including Whites. However, there is a lack of literature on Black giving to higher education. This lack of research is particularly acute in our current state of decreased funding to higher education. This case study of the United…

The Catholic Church, with deep roots in the history of Latin America, exercises considerable influence on all levels of society. Especially after the Second Vatican Council and the bishops' conference at Medellin (1968) the Church took up the banner of human rights and the cause of the poor. During the dictatorships and in the midst of the…