The effects of interpersonal cooperation, competition, and individualistic efforts were compared on a categorization and retrieval, a spatial-reasoning, and a verbal problem-solving task. Forty-five first-grade children were stratified on the basis of sex and ability. Students in the cooperative condition achieved best. (Author/CTM)

Suggests that instructional goal structures (cooperative, competitive, and individualistic) may promote three major goals of engineering education: technological, interpersonal, and social-technical competencies. Reviews research on instructional goal structures, appropriate use for all three structures, and establishing a cooperative structure.…

Discusses ways that moral values can be taught in K-12 physical education courses including competitive sports, gymnastics, dancing, hiking, and camping. Teachers must help students to handle competitiveness, and to transfer their experiences of sportsmanship, cooperation, trust, and personal integrity to other areas of their lives. (AM)

The extent to which styles of research could account for academic ideologies among academic researchers in sociology, psychology, political science, and education are discussed. The hypothesis maintains that researchers who favor styles of research that compete successfully are likely to take a conservative attitude toward student and faculty…

Second- and sixth-grade boys were paired with a friend or an acquaintance (N=120), and each dyad completed a problem-solving task under cooperative, competitive, or no reward contingencies. Communicative exchange, affective expression, synchrony of task-oriented behavior, and task performance were examined for evidence of purported mutuality in…

Though recreational programs are not planned specifically to reduce delinquency, well-planned recreation programs can keep potential delinquents from misusing their leisure time. (JN)

The premise that "sports builds character" is scrutinized through a discussion of several contact sports--boxing, hockey, and football. The fine line between assertiveness and aggression is explored, and the interrelationship between society and sports is investigated. (JN)

A commentary on the state of mathematics in schools that discusses positive aspects, such as the United States' successes in International Mathematics Olympiad, as well as the much-publicized criticisms of modern mathematics. (MK)

The author critiques those calls for the professionalization of teachers which fail to consider the political realities of school life. In the school bureaucracy, he argues, teachers are in competition with other groups for decision-making power. Therefore, increased teacher autonomy and authority hold potential for conflict. (SJL)

While a coach's practical goals necessitate having a winning team, this need is not inconsistent with other goals motivating players intrinsically, helping athletes deal with competition-related stress, and building an appreciation of individual worth and of team cooperation. (JD)

Compares the effect of cooperative and competitive behaviors of Cherokee and Anglo American elementary school students on academic achievement. Suggests changes in teaching techniques and lesson organization that might raise academic achievement while taking into consideration tribal traditions that limit scholastic achievement in an…

Seven articles focusing on policies and procedures for effective sports club administration are presented. Cooney discusses clubs within total programs, Jeter relates clubs to varsity athletics. Teague analyzes administrative personnel; Maas and Lohmiller discuss local and national councils; Palmateer approaches funding; and Edwards handles travel…

An interschool, team mathematics competition conducted by a junior high school mathematics department is described. The competition is intended to help provide a total mathematics program, to develop well-rounded mathematics students, and to generate enthusiasm among able students. (MK)

Fourth-, eighth- and eleventh-grade children were exposed in groups of four to short-term conditions of high or moderate spatial density involving close physical proximity. Physiological responses were measured during this exposure, and afterwards subjects engaged in a cooperation-competition activity and provided self-reports related to their…

A more constructive view of cultural socialization would promote cooperation rather than competition; cooperation is a value that children learn naturally through social interaction in forming and maintaining their own games. (MM)