These results provide a more precise attentional interpretation of both preference and pretraining effects. (Authors)

Findings highlight a general consideration for developmental research: namely, whether CA or MA is the more appropriate developmental parameter. (Authors)

Studied age-related differences in the effectiveness of structural and semantic memory cues in 54 adults. Results showed semantic cues improved recall most effectively at all three adult age levels; structural cues produced intermediate levels of recall facilitation. Increases in age and presentation rate did not reduce semantic cue effectiveness.…

Eight sets of paired auditory and visual stimuli were constructed. Each member of the auditory pair was matched by one member of the visual pair (e.g., ascending "tone/up arrow"; descending "tone/down arrow"). Sixty-one infants with a mean age of 11.4 months were presented matching and unmatching stimuli; total fixation time…

The results supported the hypothesis that mentally handicapped children have a significant attraction to symmetrical arrangement, and that Down's syndrome children are more significantly attracted than other retarded children. (Author/DLS)

The preference for color or form as bases for similarity judgments among preschoolers (ages 2-5) and its relationship to the differentiation of form and color concepts as indexed by discrimination, identification, and labeling were investigated. (SB)

Forty adults with adventitious blindness were administered 12 different Braille discrimination tests representing combinations of standard or enlarged Braille and various amounts of horizontal and vertical spacing. Findings indicated that the most favorable discrimination conditions occurred with standard-sized Braille, with three spaces between…

Ninety-eight college students were asked to indicate their emotional responses to five principle hues (i.e., red, yellow, green, blue, purple), five intermediate hues (i.e., yellow-red, green-yellow, blue-green, purple-blue, and red-purple), and three achromatic colors (white, gray, and black) and the reasons for their choices. The color stimuli…

This article reviews the published literature on the separate fields of art therapy and color therapy, synthesizing them in a proposed use of color within art therapy. Specific techniques focusing on use of color in a nonrepresentational expressive form are suggested as a way to extend the therapeutic benefits of art therapy. The intention of this…

Preverbal infants can represent the causal structure of events, including distinguishing the agentive and receptive roles and categorizing entities according to stable causal dispositions. This study investigated how infants combine these 2 kinds of causal inference. In Experiments 1 and 2, 9.5-month-olds used the position of a human hand or a…

Preschool teachers rely on several strategies for motivating children to participate in learning activities. In the current study, we evaluated the effectiveness of and preference for three teaching contexts in which embedded, sequential, or no programmed reinforcement was arranged. The embedded context included highly preferred teaching…

Two studies examined how nonconservers use the dimensions relevant to quantity in the conservation of substance task. Most nonconservers are very selective in their use of the information provided by these dimensions. Most preschool and kindergarten nonconservers used length to define amount, while ignoring width. This was true regardless of how…

Children 6 and 11 years of age were given a recall task in which the perceptual salience of the information and the type of conceptual evaluation required for solution (analysis or synthesis) were varied. (Author/JMB)

In two experiments, forty 26-week-old infants were repeatedly exposed to an object and were then shown an object that was different from the original object in color, shape and/or texture. Results showed that looking and manipulation increased for the novel shape and texture objects and looking increased for the novel color object. (Author/JMB)