It has often been argued that all techniques of standard setting are arbitrary and likely to yield different results for different techniques or persons. This paper deals with a related but hitherto ignored aspect of standard setting, namely, the possibility that Angoff or Nedelsky judges misspecify the probabilities of the borderline student's…

A new test construction method based on integer linear programming is described. This method selects optimal tests in small amounts of computer time. The new method, called the Cluster-Based Method, assumes that the items in the bank have been grouped according to their item information curves so that items within a group, or cluster, are…

Determination of statistical power for analysis of variance procedures requires five elements: (1) significance level; (2) effect size; (3) number of means; (4) error variance; and (5) sample size. Significance levels are traditionally chosen to be 0.5, .01, or .001. Effect size is not discussed in this paper. The number of means is determined by…

The usefulness of a latent trait model designed for use with multidimensional test data was investigated in two stages. The first stage consisted of generating simulation data to fit the multidimensional extension of the two-parameter logistic model, applying the model to the data, and comparing the resulting estimates with the known parameters.…

A review of cross-validation shrinkage formulas is presented which focuses on the theoretical and practical problems in the use of various formulas. Practical guidelines for use of both formulas and empirical cross-validation are provided. A comparison of results using these formulas in a range of situations is then presented. The result of these…

New ability estimators have been proposed by Wainer and Wright (1980) and Mislevy and Bock (1981) that are resistant against guessing and careless behaviors exhibited by some examinees. This paper presents another class of ability estimators that are resistant to departures from the underlying assumptions concerning guessing and carelessness. In…

This study investigated the problem representations formed by college students while solving mathematics problems. Problem representation characteristics indicative of understanding were identified by analyzing audio-tapes and written work of sixteen subjects, ages 16 to 24, who solved mathematics problems using the think-aloud technique. These…

Five methods are given for computing the area of a regular octahedron. It is suggested that students first construct an octahedron as this will aid in space visualization. Six further extensions are left for the reader to try. (LS)

In this paper, a theory of the academic achievement process of learning is proposed. Learning is seen as the outcome of the utilization of learning opportunities created in the teaching process by students themselves. These students are characterized by a certain level of ability and effort. The theory is first formulated in a single equation…

The State Planning System (SPS) is presented in the context of a mathematical model used to generate information about the possible impacts of postsecondary education policy decisions. Section I provides an introduction to modeling in higher education management, identifies some current postsecondary education modeling efforts, offers some…

Using conventional mental test theory, item parameters of an aptitude or achievement test vary with each group of examinees, and as such are somewhat limited in their use and interpretation. Within the last 25 years, measurement models have emerged in which item parameters are considered to be invariant. Generically referred to as latent trait…

Mathematical games help students at Temple University; a mobile laboratory brings data-processing instruction to Oklahoma students; Career English helps Santa Clara students qualify for jobs. (Author/MLF)

The author describes a new graphing algorithm for computing probabilities, and presents problems for these algorithms for use in the classroom. (SD)