This study aims to explore the impact of the fairness of semester-end e-assessment in terms of policy provision, monitoring, and authenticity. The cross-sectional online survey design was employed among 346 students at Nepal Open University (NOU). The results were analyzed by using t-test, analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling.…

Despite the evolution of the grit conceptualization over the years, the psychometric validity of scales and construct structure remain unclear. Consequently, this study aims to provide new evidence that broadens the current understanding of the grit's dimensional nature in the Spanish population by examining the psychometric properties of the…

Item parameter estimation using an item response theory (IRT) model with fixed ability estimates is useful in equating with small samples on anchor items. The current study explores the impact of three ability estimation methods (weighted likelihood estimation [WLE], maximum a posteriori [MAP], and posterior ability distribution estimation [PST])…

The author provides information about reliability and areas that educators should examine in determining if an assessment is consistent and trustworthy for use, and how it should be interpreted in making decisions about students. Reliability areas that are discussed in the column include internal consistency, test-retest or stability, inter-scorer…

Purpose: The Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) is a technological tool designed for comprehensive recordings and automated analysis of young children's daily language and auditory environments. LENA recordings play a crucial role in both clinical interventions and research, offering insights into the amount of spoken language children are…

Crawling is considered an important motor skill for infants. Although infants show variations in their crawling, the association between crawling variations and subsequent development is unexplored. This study investigates the difference in amount of crawling variation between infants with and without subsequent developmental delays. This…

Spacing and retrieval practice enhance learning, but students often underuse these strategies. We tested a simple grading incentive, which we call Counting Days, in two RCTs: one randomizing 143 students within a course and another randomizing 71 instructors. The "counting questions" control condition awarded points for each practice…

Teacher-student interaction is critical for providing learners with support and maintaining effective communication during the teaching process. The online teacher-student interaction mode, has posed challenges to the effectiveness of online classes. However, how to conduct effective interaction in online classes to improve learning outcomes…

ACT announced a series of enhancements designed to modernize the ACT test and offer students more choice and flexibility in demonstrating their readiness for life after high school. The enhancements provide students more flexibility by allowing them to choose whether to take the science assessment, thereby reducing the test length by up to…

Representations are an integral component of organic chemistry education and practice. Learning how to visualize and reason effectively with a variety of representations is essential for learners to succeed. However, developing the necessary representational competence skills (e.g., the ability to interpret, translate between, and use…

Surveys are widely used data collection tools in empirical studies of human behaviour. Self-reporting plays a central role in exploring various psychological processes that are integral to human behaviour and learning, such as motivations or emotions. However, respondents can sometimes be the source of measurement error in survey research. In this…

Adding illustrations to texts might improve students' science achievement. This meta-analysis of 121 effect sizes from 63 studies of 7,621 students across five decades determines both the overall effect and moderators that account for differences across studies. Our random-effects model shows a positive effect of adding illustrations to texts on…

Adjusting practice to different goals and characteristics is key to learning, but its development remains unclear. Across 2 preregistered experiments, 190 4-to-8-year-olds (106 female; mostly White; data collection: December 2021-September 2022) and 31 adults played an easy and a difficult game, then chose one to practice before a test on either…

This study investigated the structural exploration of creativity in Chinese preschoolers using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT-Figural). The participants were 256 children aged 4-6 from a public kindergarten in Shanghai, with an average age of 4.79 years (SD = 0.63). Building upon prior research and integrating Kirton's…

Effective collaboration depends on the mutual regulation of group members, positioning it as a fundamental aspect of socially shared regulation of learning (SSRL). In recent years, SSRL has garnered increasing research attention. However, there remains a scarcity of psychometrically sound measures for assessing this construct. Without reliable…