This essay criticizes both scientific and polemic history for not focusing upon historical change, and offers a possible alternative. (Author/MF)

Conducted two studies to test the notion that various factors, i.e., situation-personal, may differentially affect degrees of entrapment (amount invested) depending upon the point in time at which they are introduced. The results of both studies suggest amount invested depends upon timing in the entrapment process. (RC)

The ability to measure time means being able to arrange events in logical sequences, predict which kinds of events take longer than others, and understand different divisions of time. Teaching methods and class activities that will help children develop skills and concepts concerning time usage are presented. (PP)

Argues that a separate course of study called "History" should be included in the New York state revised secondary social studies program. History instruction will help the student gain a perspective of time and understand him/herself, his/her society, other societies, and the world. (RM)

Perceived time in complex cognitive functions was studied using college students' estimates of time spent taking a test in relation to examination performance. Significant correlations were found between true scores and students' estimated time. Differences in the perception of time were shown to be consistent with theories of attentional…

Analyzed temporal variables (counselor talk, caller talk, and silence) in a sample of taped calls to a suicide prevention and crisis service. In comparing three outcome groups (showing, not showing, or canceling subsequent appointment for face-to-face counseling), no-show calls had more silence than the other two groups. (Author)

The influence of achievement motives, future time orientation (FTO), level of ability (IQ), sex of subjects, and perceived intrinsic instrumentality of school activity were considered in relation to manifested test anxiety at school. Subjects were 507 sixth graders. Pupils' achievement motives and their future time orientation were found to be the…

Explored the roles chronological age and gender play in subjective time experience (STE). Found STE to vary widely among individuals, some being "accurate,""retarded," or "advanced." Suggests males were more retarded in STE, and chronological age plays a key role in transitions in STE. (Author/RC)

No age difference was observed on the temporal task, but older adults performed worse on the spatial task. Results indicate normal aging is not associated with poor encoding or retention of all types of information, but affects retention of some information often assumed to be encoded automatically. (Author)

Studies the perceptual relationship between temporal "before" and "after" and their spatial counterparts. Adults reported temporal "before" related to spatial "after" and temporal "after" related to spatial "before." Three-year old children better understood spatial "after" and spatial "before," suggesting a temporal/spatial semantic acquisition…

Volunteers estimated the passage of one-minute intervals. An average of four trials was obtained. This average and scale scores from the 16 PF were used in the computation of a discriminant function analysis. (Author/BEF)