Investigated gender differences in the motivation for alcohol use in a sample of 240 Nigerian undergraduates, ranging in age from 17-24 years. Males were more likely to drink for psychological and social reasons than females. Females, however, were more likely than males to drink only at parties. (RJM)

Eleven mothers who were abused and maltreated their children were compared to 10 mothers who broke the cycle of abuse. The abusing mothers were rated higher on idealization, inconsistency, and escapism in their description of their childhood, and they scored higher on the Dissociative Experience Scale than the comparison mothers. (DB)

Describes the new dynamic found in exploring the role of discourse of discursive structures and normative practices through which teaching is figured and practiced. Develops an account that creates this new dynamic and encourages a missing conversation in the areas of emotions in teaching by discussing how sociopolitical and cultural aspects…

Examined internal and external factors contributing to the change process, bureaucratic and personal responses, and resistance to change in a secondary teacher preparation program. Data from interviews, observations, document review, and review of personal journals highlighted four recurring phenomena serving as catalysts for and obstacles to…

Two studies examined the influence of maternal discourse style and security of attachment on preschoolers' emotion understanding. Findings indicated that neither predicted 3-year-olds' emotion understanding. Secure attachment predicted higher emotion understanding among 5-year-olds, especially in the context of maternal use of elaborative…

Examines association between intimate premarital relationships and subsequent marital dissolution. Results suggest neither premarital sex nor premarital cohabitation by itself indicate either preexisting characteristics or subsequent relationship environments that weaken marriages. Findings are consistent with the notion that premarital sex and…

A study of 117 adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse investigated the relationship between the level of sexual abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder. It was found that 86% of the participants met criteria for a posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis at some point during their lives. (CR)

A study of four seventh-graders using an open-ended learning environment (OELE) on mechanical physics combining computer-generated graphics, computer simulations, video, and print-based materials indicated that while learners built and formalized scientific theories, in some cases, they assimilated new data into existing theories, ignored…

Survey of elementary and secondary school students showed an increase in depressive symptoms from the beginning to the end of adolescence. Girls demonstrated a higher level of depression, while boys became less depressed once they entered adolescence. Results demonstrated no fluctuation in global scores on irrationality as a function of age or…

Super and Holland are the two most prominent theorists in the field of career development. This article offers a glimpse into the psychological make up of these theorists; it presents comparative data about the theorists' interests, values, and personalities based on the results of four psychometric instruments. (LSR)

Used the Eating and Exercise Examination to investigate the eating, weight, shape, and exercise behaviors of 93 male college students. About 20 percent of respondents displayed eating attitudes and behaviors characteristic of eating disorders and disordered eating. They were similar to female students in eating attitudes, undereating, overeating,…

Uses psychodynamic perspective to explore tendency of small groups to regress to group mindlessness, where critical thinking is sluggish and individual differences are suppressed. Discusses dynamics of small group mindlessness and the emergence of dissenter role. Suggests ways of enhancing group mindfulness. (Author/TE)

Twenty-one autistic and 21 nonautistic retarded adolescents and young adults were compared on British Picture Vocabulary Scale items considered emotion-related or highly abstract. Autistic subjects' lower scores on emotion-related items suggest autism-specific impairments in grasping these concepts. No differences were found for abstract/concrete…

Asserts that emotions are based on cognitive appraisals of occurrences. Argues that cognitive models have heuristic value for research and practice and examines objections concerning the validity of those models. Discusses the usefulness of these models for several educational and developmental goals. (KO)

Descriptions and evaluations of selected books about the Vietnam War are presented in three broad categories: anthologies and collections, books describing a specific aspect of or group involved in the war, and books about problems faced by returning veterans. (34 references) (CLB)