An extremely unpleasant film was shown to one group of students, while another group served as controls. Results suggest that, under conditions of stressful emotional arousal, learning outcomes are influenced predominantly by the combined effects of personality traits, motivational dynamics, and emotional states, which outweigh the influence of…

Described the development of the Mental Health Inventory, a measure of psychological distress and well-being, which was fielded in four large samples having different characteristics (N=5,089). Results provided strong psychometric support for a hierarchical model and scoring options ranging from five distinct constructs to reliance on one summary…

Two experiments were conducted to isolate the trait-anxiety-reducing effects of transcendental meditation (TM) from expectation of relief and the concomitant ritual of sitting twice daily. The results strongly support the conclusion that the crucial therapeutic component of TM is not the TM exercise. (Author)

Females who differed on a measure of parental identification discussed public and private areas of experience during dyadic interviews. Supporting the assumption that fathers are crucial to the expressive-role development of daughters, subjects who identified primarily with father were more personally disclosing overall and talked longer and…

A psychological consequence for children physically abused in their own homes is a pattern of behavior that perpetuates their role of scapegoat with peers and adults outside their homes. (JH)

Defines some dimensions of poverty, determines the scope and consequences of poverty in an affluent society to its black youths, reviews the existing strategies to combat poverty, examines a number of the major characteristics of poverty (as different from poverty in less affluent societies) and suggests other ways and means of alleviating and…

Asserts that "the best way to grasp the human significance of photography is...to think of camera, film, and tripod as...evolutionary developments as much a part of human nature as the opposable thumb" and examines what people prefer to photograph, the photographer subject relationship, the psychology of the photographer and pictures as creators…

Compares the patterns of fear of crime among the aged and the non-aged. Four key specifying variables were used in the analysis--sex, race, socioeconomic status, and size of community. Findings indicated that elderly respondents who were either female, black, or metropolitan residents possessed extremely high fear rates. (Author)

Fear of crime among 104 elderly in three southern California communities was studied through collection of data concerning physical and social environments, perception of safety, and fear of crime and precautions taken. The central city group tends to manifest most fear, which is inversely associated with social support variables. (Author)

Selectively reviews the research literature on the relation of life events, stress, and the onset of illness; delineates trends in the development of this research, and evaluates the conceptual and methodological approaches employed. (MLH)

This article describes a concentrated program of desensitization used to treat flight phobia. A case history illustrates the use of expanded emotive imagery, stimulus breakdown and techniques of covert positive reinforcement. (SJL)

"Data Trends" reports present summaries of research on mental health services for children and adolescents and their families. The article summarized in this "Data Trends" presents the results of a study of 40,636 children entering the Illinois domestic violence service system over a five-year period. The results of this study…

Mediational models predicting college students' adjustment were tested using regression analyses. Contemporary adult attachment theory was employed to explore the cognitive/affective mechanisms by which adult attachment and perfectionism affect various aspects of psychological functioning. Consistent with theoretical expectations, results…

The purpose of the current study was to assess whether students differed by major or classification on self-reported symptoms of obsession and compulsion. Though sex differences have not been found on this construct, it was expected that students with different majors would require different levels of such characteristics in order to be…

This book provides readers with direction on how to organize psychoeducational groups while helping them enhance skills for effectively leading such groups. Offering an applied approach, the author integrates research and practice to suggest leadership strategies while addressing special issues such as children of divorce, anger management,…