Examines students' thinking about an open-ended National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) task through written and oral explanations. (YDS)

The Central Speech and Hearing Clinic in Winnipeg (Manitoba, Canada) was established by families of young children with hearing impairments, who perceived the need for an auditory-verbal clinic. The processes and challenges involved in the clinic's development are described, including fund raising and resistance to the program by professionals and…

Reprints an historical study that investigated the value of the oral method in teaching speech to 40 children with deafness. Results indicated the oral method did not permit participants to enter into relations with strangers and did not allow them to have a consecutive conversation with their relatives. Additional research is recommended. (CR)

Three adults with deafness who were raised in oral English settings and denied access to sign language chose to learn sign language as adults. Although they valued their ability to converse in English, they found the lack of spontaneity in communication left them isolated in school and family interactions. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

A follow-up study examined the effects of different tactile aids on tasks of visual speech reading in 14 adults with severe hearing impairments. Compared with speech reading alone, tactile aids impaired sentence-based speech reading at first, although performance improved with training. No effects of vibrotactile aids or training were obtained for…

This study examined the relationship between the teaching method, oral or total communication, used at children's schools and children's consonant-production accuracy and vocabulary development over time. The children (N=147) had used cochlear implants for between 6 months and 10 years. Results indicated a complex relationship among children's…

Family and community interactions provide important opportunities for facilitating the integration of children and youth with hearing loss, yet these environments have received little research attention. In this study, facilitators and barriers to integration associated with the social milieus of young people with hearing loss were identified.…

Twenty-eight deaf adolescents enrolled in a day-class program for the hearing impaired were administered a battery of four short factual stories using oral, manual, simultaneous, and interpreted modalities of communication. (Author/PHR)

Designed for use by individuals studying on their own, teachers, self-help groups, audiologists, and other professionals working with individuals with hearing impairments, this manual provides 23 lessons for learning to lip-read. The lessons are organized to help the lipreader recognize how sounds look when they are spoken, thus leading to…

The relative effectiveness of total communication and oral communication training in a parent-assisted, home-based language intervention program was studied with 15 Down's syndrome children, 18-36 months old. (Author/SEW)

Three Spanish deaf preschoolers were taught receptive vocabulary in oral English, English sign-mix, oral Spanish, Spanish sign-mix, and sign alone. Subject one learned best using sign alone. Subject two performed best using oral Spanish or sign alone. Subject three seemed to profit from sign, Spanish sign-mix, or oral English. (Author/SW)

The article analyzes the controversy over total communication vs. oralism in the education of hearing impaired students, notes the differences between speech and language, and suggests points to be considered by parents in deciding on one or the other approach. (CL)

Discusses learning to read by hearing impaired children and maintains that given a language base (in sign alone, oral and/or signed English), a total communication environment, and the opportunity to utilize various modes to decode written English, it appears likely that hearing impaired children can develop reading and writing skills in English.…

A study of 60 Chinese Americans and 46 controls found the Chinese Americans were more likely to believe persons with speech disorders could improve speech by "trying hard," to view people using deaf speech and people with cleft palates as perhaps being emotionally disturbed, and to regard deaf speech as a limitation. (Author/CR)

The study found that the extent of teacher control over conversations with deaf pupils using oral/aural only, signed English, or cued speech communication affected pupil response, including taking initiative in conversations, misunderstanding of the teacher, and length of conversational contributions. Different methods of communication by the 13…