The first aim in school might be to help children become more aware of the algorithmic processes they use; then, ensure that they can devise algorithms and define them. Many examples of how these aims can be met are given, including the use of calculators and computers. (MNS)

Five-frames are proposed as manipulative material to increase children's ability to identify the number of objects without direct counting. How to use frames and beansticks to construct basic facts without counting is discussed. (MNS)

Four worksheets for levels one-eight are included. Practice on addition, multiplication, fractions and decimals, and integers is provided through activities involving puzzling patterns. (MNS)

Presents concluding remarks to a symposium, "The Social Organization of Knowledge and Practice." Focuses on high aptitude of persons in everyday situations to solve problems and make decisions. Addresses three questions: (1) What happens when a problem-solver reaches a situation involving calculation? (2) How does learning transfer take place? and…

Forty-six junior high students were administered six tests after a variety of instructional units using PLATO and classroom instruction. Twenty-seven procedural errors in signed-number arithmetic problems were classified into two groups to facilitate investigating error changes at different times and designing remedial instruction. (BS)

This study added extraneous information and increased syntactical complexity to determine the relative importance of computational and reading abilities in solving arithmetic word problems. Analyzing tests of 200 sixth graders indicated the combined abilities accounted for 54 percent of the variance in solution accuracy. (BS)

Discussed are the roles played by anticipation, belief, and motivation in two young children's problem-solving activity. It is argued that a solver's beliefs and motivations are intimately related, and that the discussion of the two children's behaviors may have some generality. (Author/MNS)

The abacus method for instruction on addition, subtraction, and multiplication with integers is explained. How to represent the integers for each operation is detailed with words and illustrations. (MNS)

This section contains four worksheets for games on estimation. Impact, Crossfire, Fire One, and Fire Two each require the use of calculators to focus on place value, multiplication, or division. (MNS)

Three activities on the right justified multiple triangle are presented. The activities are designed for use in practicing computational skills and for discovering number patterns. (JN)

Calculator activities and games are described for the topics of computation and estimation, measurement and geometry, functions, and problem solving and applications. (DT)

This study investigated the variation of meaning that may be assigned by students to instructional symbol systems. Toward this end, student interpretations of symbols employed to represent free fall in Boxer, a computational environment designed for innovative instructional activities in math and science, were analyzed. Four classes of…

This study compared intact beginning fifth grade classes in one of the districts in Shanghai, People's Republic of China to American Norms on the KeyMath-Revised: A Diagnostic Inventory of Essential Mathematics (KeyMath-R) and the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT-3). The review of literature contrasted the two cultures with regard to students,…

Results from testing long division with students from age 11 to Continuing Education were traced. A much higher percentage of wrong answers was given when there was an embedded zero in the answer. (MNS)

Dialogue from an interview with a child about division basic facts is presented. The facts are considered by groups, and specific errors are noted. Finally, remediation ideas are given. (MNS)