A wide variety of studies have offered glimpses of how learners put their second-language knowledge and skills to use during communication. It is shown that the same empirical findings can lead to very different conclusions. (49 references) (GLR)

Reports results of a study which analyzed course syllabi at a liberal arts college and a university with graduate and professional programs to determine the type and quantity of library use required. Data are presented on percentage of courses requiring library use by department, overall use patterns, and use patterns by course level. (12…

The empirical performance under null/alternative hypotheses of the likelihood ratio difference test (LRDT); Lagrange Multiplier test (evaluating the impact of model modification with a specific model); and Wald test (using a general model) were compared. The new tests for covariance structure analysis performed as well as did the LRDT. (RLC)

Mothers' and teachers' ratings showed that children of in-remission and in-episode mothers manifested significantly higher levels of behavior problems than children of control mothers. Agreement between mothers and teachers was moderate for all groups. (RH)

This response to Brainerd and Reyna's paper (in this issue) argues that the common resources hypothesis can be applied to a wider range of phenomena than can the output-interference hypothesis. Presents results of a dual-task experiment under bidirectional deficits. Concludes that dual-task studies do not provide critical tests of the resources…

Three studies examined the hypotheses that: (1) codability and not extent of distance determines difficulty; (2) critical features and not whole objects are coded; and (3) implicit perceptual axes provide a frame of reference for coding the display. Results supporting these hypotheses are discussed in terms of a description of spatial…

This paper explores the nature of the contribution that can be made to administrative theory by recent developments in the philosophy of science and the emerging new views of science: notably, the arguments of Richard Bates and Thomas Greenfield. These emerging views of science can sustain a science of administration that escapes their major…

Describes a study that determined which reference sources, including nongovernment, were most useful in answering questions about U.S. congressional matters by using a computer science technique called state-transition modeling. Implications for document librarians, the Government Printing Office, and the Superintendent of Documents are discussed.…

Explains exploratory sequential data analysis (ESDA) and outlines ESDA characteristics that could help human-computer interaction investigators using sequential data make better conceptual and methodological choices. Behavioral, cognitive, and social factors are considered, and failures of expertise, time management, and databased problems are…

This article compares three models that have been the foundation for approaches to the analysis of statistical significance in early childhood research--the Fisherian and the Neyman-Pearson models (both considered "classical" approaches), and the Bayesian model. The article concludes that all three models have a place in the analysis of research…

Alternative tests are presented for the between-by-within interaction null hypothesis and for two within-subjects main effects null hypothesis in a split plot design. Estimated Type I error rates for the interaction tests and for several tests of the second null hypothesis are reported. (SLD)

Examines a model for children's strategies for inclusion tasks. Suggests that young children are not consistent in task strategies and that they display mixed response strategies. Strategies may change with development. (ET)

Explores the ongoing debate over quantitative versus qualitative research, arguing that qualitative research has evolved from a methodological approach into a social and political ideology. The current emphasis on narrative ways of sharing knowledge raises concerns about evaluation and hypothesis testing. (SLD)

Explains how indexers choose keywords and how results can differ between indexers by focusing on certain properties of the terms rather than on the terms themselves. Based on research in semiotics, cognitive science, discourse analysis, and reading theories. Indexing terms from 833 bibliographic records from an environmental database are analyzed.…

Examines the effectiveness of quantitative and qualitative evidence in impacting initial attitude change and the persistence of that change. Finds that both types of evidence are equally effective in changing attitudes but that the attitude change elicited by qualitative evidence tends to be significantly more persistent over time and that recall…