One of the essential differences between teaching a first and a second language is that the former is merely learned whereas the latter must usually be taught. This difference, while not absolute, still has enormous consequences. Although the "natural method" of second-language teaching is often championed, there is no way whereby the…

A research design was created to investigate if adults participating in noncredit courses have different preferences for control of inclass learning activities. Only the variables of "reason for participation" and "type of content" were researched as to whether they affected preference for control. The study provides evidence that different adults…

This booklet comments on the second dialect teaching situation with special emphasis given to the role of the native dialect, the definition of the standard dialect, special factors affecting the pupil, teaching methodology, and teacher training. The first section examines dialects associated with the influence of a specific foreign language,…

This literature review is in the form of a critique of the typical approaches to education in developing countries and the lack of attention to broad-based ethical issues. It is stated that no one is willing to discuss the real implications of promoting education in any land. Questions of social upheaval or loss of traditional values caused by…

The why, how, and where of all of the adult's learning projects are encompassed in this book. The central focus is on the adult's efforts to learn, in particular, his decisions, preparations, reasons for learning, help, problems, and needs. The 15 chapters of the book discuss the following: highly deliberate efforts to learn; episodes and learning…

The aim of this paper is to give some insight into what academic simulation games are, what their goals are, how they accomplish these goals, and how they differ from other ways of teaching and learning. A game is a way of partitioning off a portion of action from the complex stream of life activities. It partitions off a set of players and…

This book, a study of the informal classroom methods used successfully in many English infant and junior schools, is the report of two young American teachers who, for one year, observed schools in England and talked with teachers, parents, and children. Strong acceptance of informal approaches is conveyed because, despite some weaknesses, such…

Two different uses of computers in instruction are Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) and Computer Managed Instruction (CMI). CMI is primarily concerned with data management in the instructional process, and CAI is the use of computers to control the instructional process itself. The uses of computers in instruction can be described in four main…

The use of electric typewriters for beginning reading instruction was investigated. Thirty-six freshmen and sophomore education majors worked for 10 weeks with nine pairs of L-level (first-grade) children from the Wisconsin University laboratory school on SRA materials, Dolch phrases, and creative writing. Half used typewriters and the rest,…

THE EFFECTIVENESS WAS STUDIED OF A UNIQUE EDUCATIONAL PROJECT, CONDUCTED DURING 6 WEEKS OF A SUMMER, ON THE MOTIVATIONAL EXPERIENCES AND LEARNING ENHANCEMENT OF DISADVANTAGED YOUTH (UNEMPLOYABLE AND UNDEREDUCATED). THE 100 PARTICIPATING MALE YOUTHS, AGES 16 TO 21, WERE EACH ASSIGNED TO COUNSELORS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND TO…

THE SYSTEMATIC USE OF MOTIVATING MATERIALS WAS DEVELOPED AND EVALUATED THROUGH THE TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT OF A VIDEO-SOUND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING PROGRAMED TELEVISION TO INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS. FIVE PHYSICS PROGRAMS WERE DEVELOPED AND RECORDED ON VIDEOTAPE. EACH OF THE FIVE PROGRAMS HAD SEQUENCES PRECEDING IT WHICH WERE DESIGNED TO MOTIVATE THE STUDENT…

Author attempts to provide a careful analysis of Maier and Seligman's manuscript (AA 522 796) on learned helplessness with the hope that such a critique will produce a positive effect by clarifying issues of contention and pinpointing weaknesses in need of correction. (Author/RK)

An inexpensive, creative learning environment is described. Supplies, method of assembly, experiences to be encountered in its use and additional value for its use are described. (EB)

Undergraduates completed one of two questionnaires that were identical except for the course grading system, pass-fail vs letter grades. The "overjustification hypothesis," which proposes that grades undermine high intrinsic interest but augment low interest in academic tasks, was partially supported. Questions concerning the classroom…