Preservice teachers in a K-8 science methods course used guided video reflection to examine their interactions with children during science teaching. This inquiry approach helped preservice teachers identify and respond to gaps between their beliefs and intentions about teaching all children and their enactment of those beliefs. The experience of…

Young adolescent alcohol users drink at higher rates than their peers throughout adolescence and appear to be less amenable to intervention. This study compares those who reported alcohol use in the past year to those who reported no use in a multiethnic, urban sample of sixth graders in 61 schools in Chicago in 2002 (N = 4,150). Demographic,…

Twenty-four volunteer undergraduate clients assigned to counseling treatment with 24 doctoral students reviewed 3 videotaped sessions recording intentions and reactions, respectively. Results indicated that client vocational interests were predictive of reactions which clients reported in response to counselor intentions. Discusses issues of…

Twelve- and 18-month-olds played with 2 adults and 2 new toys. For a third toy, one adult left the room while the child and other adult played with it. This adult returned, looked at the 3 toys, expressed excitement, and asked "Can you give it to me?" Infants at both ages were able to do so, suggesting that 1-year-olds understand other persons as…

Econometric estimations using Bradford Youth Cohort data investigated influences on intention to continue education after age 16. Fixed effects nominal logit regression analyses identified significant effects of school quality, teachers' advice, work experience, neighborhood income, and ability. (Contains 37 references.) (SK)

This survey of Australian college students provides support for an alternative explanation of attrition for a specific group of university students: students who planned to withdraw from their original program of study after facilitating entry to another undergraduate degree. (EV)

Comparison of the conceptual frameworks of Kilpatrick's project method (a proposal to base school curriculum on children's projects, not subject matter) and Tough's adult learning projects reveals important differences. Kilpatrick sought to develop the child morally, socially, and intellectually, whereas in the learning project, the concept of…

Two studies were conducted to demonstrate the importance of subordinates' perceptions of superiors' intentions in the feedback process. Study 1 included 49 undergraduates, graduates, or professors; and Study 2 included 220 undergraduates. Results indicate that subordinates make fine distinctions concerning their perceptions of supervisors'…

One important characteristic of rational action is that intentions should be consistent with beliefs. Two studies examined whether three year olds understand belief constraints on intention. In both studies, subjects' understanding of unfulfilled intentions was excellent and significantly better than their understanding of false beliefs, but…

In a visual habituation experiment, infants watched a circle (the "agent") move toward another circle by jumping over a barrier or jumping without a barrier present, and then watched a circle move straight to another circle. Found that infants were able to identify the agent's spatial goal and to interpret the agent's actions causally in…

Children who were rated for aggression and assessed for depression made attributions of story characters' intent and described their responses to story situations. Aggressive and depressed children made attributions of hostile intent. Children who were both aggressive and depressed showed response patterns similar to both aggressive and depressed…

Uses a behavior model from control systems theory to analyze how we coordinate our own and each other's physical movements. Tests one person controlling a cursor with one handle or two, and two people controlling a cursor with two handles. Shows that control theory accurately predicts the results. (CH)

A fuzzy graphic rating scale elicited work preferences and job perceptions of 166 (of 170) Australian bank employees. Correspondence between preferences and perceptions correlated significantly with job satisfaction. Satisfaction and performance related to tenure intentions; this relation was higher for poorer performers. (SK)

To determine whether children younger than four have an authentic theory of mind, studies relying on deceptive hiding measures for indexing false belief were carried out. Children accurately anticipated the impact of deceptive strategies on the behavior and belief of opponents and used information management to help and hinder others' efforts. (BC)

Children's ability to remember and report past mental states was examined. Four-year olds were able to report all past mental states. Three-year olds reported past pretenses, images, and perceptions well; desires and intentions with moderate difficulty; and beliefs with great difficulty. (BC)