Investigated Taiwanese and U.S. mothers' beliefs regarding the reasons for their toddlers' and their own positive and negative behaviors, assessing five attributional orientations. Surveys of 21 Taiwanese and 36 U.S. mothers indicated that Taiwanese mothers more readily blamed their children and themselves for misdeeds and less readily took credit…

Explored the role of parent and child gender in parent-child conversations about past emotional experiences. Observations of conversations between parents and children approximately 3.5 years old indicated that females conversed more overall, specifically about emotions, and used more emotional words. Both mothers and fathers used more emotional…

Examines the portrayal of women and the use of violent themes in 33 popular video games. The analysis reveals that traditional gender roles and violence are central to many games. There were no female characters in 41% of games with characters, and women were portrayed as sex objects in 28% of these games. (SLD)

Examines the direct effects of religiosity and racial socialization on subjective stigmatization among African American adolescents (N=50). Participants who showed strong commitment to the church were more destigmatized as were those who received racial socialization messages stemming from a single primary category. The more racial socialization…

A survey of 1,106 student nurse anesthetists (40% male) showed that increasing age was negatively correlated with socioeconomic rewards. Male gender was positively correlated with administrative/supervisory roles, female gender with holistic patient care. Men achieved socialization more readily in occupational orientation. (SK)

A four-year, qualitative study of graduate students revealed graduate student development, students' perceptions of the academic career, and graduate students' suggestions for improving graduate socialization experiences. It also provided recommendations and policy questions for faculty advisors, chairpersons, teaching assistant supervisors, and…

Suggests reasons why education is difficult and contentious, arguing that educational thinking draws on only three fundamental ideas (socializing the young, shaping the minds by a disciplined academic curriculum, and facilitating the development of students' potential) and that the problems in education are due to these ideas, which are fatally…

Examines the "Harry Potter" books for the messages they convey about schools, teachers, and education. Asserts that the present positive images of schooling as well as moral dilemmas and their resolution. (Contains 23 references.) (SK)

Counseling literature and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs' (1994) accreditation standards advocate gender-sensitive counseling practices. However, the effects of socialization processes on counselor education students concerning gender role orientation may interfere with that mandate. This study…

Despite the existence of many approaches to understanding learning and change and attempts to incorporate these into continuing education research and practice, the search continues for a comprehensive understanding of how learning is engendered in professional practice and the processes by which learning and change occur. This article considers…

Changing schools at the age of 12 also represents a change in social age identity. Children prepare for this change of age identity in different ways, and their strategies vary across sociocultural contexts as well as between individuals. In this article, some of these strategies are explored through ethnographic observation and interviews with…

In this article, the author uses data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth to examine the impact of childhood living arrangements on the characteristics of marriages formed by women between 1970 and 1989.The focus is on sociodemographic characteristics of marriage that may be taken to indicate a heightened risk of marital stress or…

Many areas of policy (not just education policy) make assumptions about the nature of the school system and its function within society. Some of these assumptions merit challenge; some are contradictory; some are entirely conventional--perhaps the latter merit challenge as well. This article explores the implications of viewing schooling as a…

Social information gathering by infants 6 and 12 months old was examined as a foundation for later social learning that may be uniquely human. Infant performance on a contingency/extinction task was studied following a caregiver demonstration of the contingency on varied reinforcement schedules. Infants who observed caregivers receive any…

Receptiveness toward evidence-based practice such as proposed by Chwalisz (2003) (this issue) is a function of how one defines the discipline and how one views counseling and psychotherapy. By acknowledging the dual nature of therapeutic psychology as a science-based cultural enterprise, one may be able to overcome schisms in the field and related…