Found low intercorrelations among social involvement, academic achievement, and occupational aspiration in a national sample of Black undergraduates attending predominantly White, State-supported universities. Suggests that future research on Black student success should explore factors internal to the person, institutional characteristics, and…

This article finds the empirical review of the intellectual effects of family factors by Lala Carr Steelman wanting because (1) it is selective and incomplete; (2) it ignores systematic aggregate effects; (3) it imposes linear analysis on nonmonotone relationships; and (4) it disregards most of the confounds identified by Steelman as crucial.…

The author responds to criticism by R. B. Zajonc on a review of the extant literature on the intellectual consequences of sibship size and birth order. (Author/LMO)

Research on teacher burnout, stress, and alienation lacks emphasis on the social milieu in which teachers work. In his book, Anthony Dworkin adopts the subjective approach, eliminating any analysis of actual teacher working conditions. Furthermore, he muddles Marx's theory of alienation of labor. (Author/BJV)

Triangulation strategy results in evidence characterized by the following: (1) convergence; (2) inconsistency; and (3) contradiction. In order to render the data sensible, the researcher or evaluator must report data collection procedures, as well as the three levels of information from which explanations of social phenomena are constructed. (BJV)

This article describes and analyzes three images of leadership which are prominent in the literature on effective schools. The ways in which these flawed images have contributed to the impending failure of that movement are discussed. Problems created by these leadership images are examined and solutions are discussed. (JL)

Historical research has more to do with the present than with the past, as methodological constructs tend to be influenced by the contemporary needs of society. The practice and significance of historical research is determined by the researcher, his or her audience, and the political situation. (BJV)

Argues that research does not warrant Belsky's position that infant child care for more than 20 hours per week is a risk factor for infants' insecure-avoidant attachment and children's maladaptive social behavior. Suggests that quality of care and family characteristics are major influences. (NH)

Concludes that (a) there is a lack of congruence between the actual research findings and the numerous "pronouncements and speculations" about microcomputer effects in preschool; (b) many methodological weaknesses limit the utility of research findings; and (c) little is known, empirically, about important process and outcome variables…

Reviews the findings of the White House Science Council's survey of the condition of the United States university-research community. Indicates the problems that threaten the quality of academic research and outlines recommendations for its improvement. Funding changes, tax credits, and scholarships are among the panel's suggestions. (ML)

Evaluations of special education interventions are different from research on medical interventions. Educational evaluations would be more useful if they applied an actuarial, or probability approach. Information should be collected over time and using various measures, thus increasing the available data. (GDC)

Data are presented from research on women's work in a Northern Nigerian city in which Muslim women are kept in seclusion. Focus is on errors in survey design, administration, and analysis, which occur when biased techniques are used to measure women's work and income-producing activities. (Author/SK)

A survey of speech communication departments and a review of the literature indicate that most speech communication researchers continue to use college students as their primary source of subjects. The problem of sampling is discussed and methods for dealing with generality are offered. (PD)

Cognitive activity of children from 1.5 to 5 years of age participating in problem solving and in spontaneous play was analyzed in terms of the successive coordination of existing patterns and the incorporation of new mental components. Analysis identified a series of developmental levels. (Author/RH)

In order for American social scientists to effectively contribute to international social science, they must confront two challenges. They must come to terms with the problems generated by the fragmentation of the American social science disciplines and with the involvement of American social science with American foreign policy. (IS)