Chapters contained in this volume, each with a list of references appended, are: "Scientific Psychology in Transition" by Gregory A. Kimble; "Higher Mental Processes as the Bases for the Laws of Conditioning" by Eli Saltz; "Reification and Reality in Conditioning Paradigms: Implications of Results When Modes of Reinforcement are Changed" by David…

The process of explanation as defined by the covering law model of science contains stringent criteria which often cannot be met by communication scientists. An alternative model, less powerful but more obtainable--the system paradigm--should be adopted. Four types of explanation provide a context for a discussion of the system paradigm…

The effects of performance feedback of success and failure given by partners to 96 subjects of the same or opposite racial groups were measured in terms of subsequent performance on a paired-associate learning task and number of negative and positive adjectives checked for self and partner. Analysis of variance showed that the procedure yielded a…

By and large behavioral scientists, particularly in education and psychology lack the sophisticated mathematical understanding necessary for adequate statistical analysis, especially multivariate analysis. And incompetent use of measurement theory, psychometry, and statistics cannot but lead to bad research. The remedy for this is better…

Two computer programs for computer-assisted performance training were developed to give the students the opportunity for concentrated practice of troubleshooting and procedural tasks in naval electronics. In contrast to the usual approach taken in computer-assisted instruction (CAI), these programs simulate essential aspects of devices and tasks…

The author reports on an investigation of the variations in total verbal output and in verbal variety noted from interview responses of eighteen persons, each involved with a specific issue or topic at one of three levels. He defines the levels as: (1) observer, or someone who is aware of the issue but passive about it; (2) participant, or one who…

The twenty-seven original essays in this book were compiled in honor of Professor Elwood Murray, former Director of the School of Speech at the University of Denver. The essays expand Professor Murray's concept of "communication methodology"--the link between knowledge and practice. The nine different fields of academic specialization represented…

It was the purpose of this study to assess the effects of films on children, using a measure of interpersonal aggression. It was anticipated that modeling effects would depend simultaneously upon the degree of realism of the model's performance (on a reality-fantasy dimension) and the similarity between the observer's task and the model's…

This study was designed to identify some of the variables that may be associated with student use of deception. Data for a broad introductory analysis of the problem was collected on 238 third, fourth, and fifth grade students, during the second half of the 1970-71 school year, who were enrolled in a school using Individually Prescribed…

This study focuses on the systematic study of verbal behavior patterns of college elementary education student teaching supervisors in dyadic conferences with student teachers and cooperating teachers. The major research problem of the study concerned the possible differences in the verbal behavior patterns of college supervisors while interacting…

One goal of this study was to investigate sex differences in facial expressiveness. The study used all possible combinations of males and females in the positions of "sender" and "observer" of the facial communication to determine which factor was responsible for the superior accuracy among females, as reported in a previous study. Another goal of…

This study investigated the effects of three gaze patterns-staring, normal looking, glancing and avoiding eye contact-and verbal insult on instrumental aggression. It was hypothesized that the experimental manipulation of verbal insult will: (1) not affect shock intensity or duration (2) not increase the subjects self-reported hostility, and (3)…

Since evaluations have shown that organizational development is a plausible and useful vehicle for improving school climate, it needs to be extended in various ways, including (1) further scientific study of organizational development in schools; (2) more research into the processes and effects of organizational development training; and (3)…

This empirical study, concerned with man-environment relationships in the home, identifies similarities and differences among family types; develops a body of normative, descriptive, baseline data about the home environments of a sample of lower middle class American families; and, gathers information regarding patterns of spatial behavior across…

A model for the analysis of simple human conceptual behavior, based on the apparent similarities of human conceptual behavior and that of infrahuman subjects, is developed. A minimum definition of conceptual behavior is given: A single response, verbal or nonverbal, under the discriminative control of a group of stimuli whose parameters are…