Demonstrates that there are important conceptual distinctions among the constructs of reticence, shyness, communication apprehension, and unwillingness to communicate. Argues that the failure to recognize the distinctions impedes research and precludes improved methods of identifying the problems and improving treatment. (PD)

Reported is a significant correlation between book carrying behavior and sex stereotype which appear to be a consequence of social modeling. Second grade and older males typically carry books at their sides while females carry books against their chests. Kindergarten and first grade students typically carry books by their sides. (SL)

Investigates the pattern of clients' precounseling expectancies, whether these differ for male and female clients, and the relationship between clients' expected content emphasis and the actual emphasis during counseling sessions. (Author)

Lends support to the idea that the nature of the communication topic may be significantly related to evidence effectiveness and perhaps to the process of attitude change employed by the receivers. (MH)

Reviews a study indicating that articulate deviates expressing themselves within the context of informal group discussions are capable of exerting considerable influence on the opinions of others. (MH)

The purpose of the present study was to determine if a difference in death anxiety exists between people who engage in a risk-taking activity and people who do not. Motorcycle riding was chosen as a risk-taking activity. A significantly lower Death Anxiety Scale score was obtained from the motorcycle group. (Author)

The basis of modern learning theory is questioned in view of Popper's philosophy and the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. (Editor)

A laboratory study analyzed differences in media violence when consequences of that violence to the victim are shown and not shown. (Author)

Understanding the concept of interaction is vital to understanding the relationships of dimensions of phenomena under study. Use of multivariate analysis of variance is described as a useful approach for discovering the extent to which events may be complexly interaffecting. (Author/AV)

An experiment tested for the Moss Harlow Effect in 3- and 5-year-olds with stimulus novelty equated. Experimental groups familiarized themselves with each pair of test objects by sorting them, then received a P or N information trial and test trials. (JH)

Noting that there is a growing body of evidence supporting the many connections between cognitive competence and high-quality pretend play, this article defines the cluster of concepts related to pretend play and cognition, and briefly synthesizes the latest research on the role of such play in children's cognitive, social, and academic…

This paper introduces logistic regression as a viable alternative when the researcher is faced with variables that are not continuous. If one is to use simple regression, the dependent variable must be measured on a continuous scale. In the behavioral sciences, it may not always be appropriate or possible to have a measured dependent variable on a…

This study assessed the effects of a gluten-free diet over one year on learning patterns in three autistic children (ages 5 to 8) participating in an applied behavioral analysis program. Rates of learning for five behavioral targets 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after the start of the diet were compared using a within-subjects…