Reported is a study regarding the feasibility of using risk-taking attitudes as a basis for programs to control and predict drug abuse. Attitudes toward a number of common behaviors including drug use, sex, theft, etc., were obtained from over 650 subjects from junior high school level through adults. Reported frequencies of actual behaviors were…

The first of these two articles presents the methods, results, and discussions of six experiments which employed an avoidance of time-out from positive reinforcement schedule with human subjects to investigate: (1) whether time-outs may be considered aversive events; and (2) if so, whether the aversiveness was sufficient to produce aggressive…

This is a research report concerned with the availability of computer programs which made it advisable to try not only the factors dictated by a criterion, but successive additional factors until the meaning of the pattern is clarified. Examples illustrate the application of sequential factor analyses using a principal axes solution and varimax…

Little research has been done in the area of counseling within the secondary school. This research was designed to analyze verbatim transcriptions of secondary school counseling interviews in order to establish a description of school counselee verbal behavior. A total of 50 transcripts involving 50 different counselees were used. The interviews…

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that subjects will prefer to sit nearer to an agreeing stranger than to a disagreeing stranger. A second purpose was to provide a behavioral and an unobtrusive measure of interpersonal attraction. Subjects were 40 college student volunteers from an introductory psychology course. Each subject was…

Aspects of Piaget's theory were applied in the studies reported which examine two aspects of children's information processing of television commercials--selection of information and cognitive processing of information. Children's selection of information was indexed in terms of patterns of attention to television commercials in the natural…

This report describes a series of studies concerned with preschool children's art. Preliminary work was based on observation of sessions in which one child would draw a picture in the presence of an adult. Major findings were that: (1) the children did not have preconceived notions of what they would draw; (2) they did not try to capture a moment…

Forty University of Toledo Teacher Corps interns (23 black and 17 white) were asked to respond to a Rokeach Value Survey on the first day of regular classes, at the end of the year, and at the end of the program. The objective was to examine what significant value changes, if any, took place during the program. Results are assessed according to…

This review of studies comparing early childhood education models focuses on the trends and problems of this kind of research. The 8 "qualitative" studies reviewed, all pertain to aspects of instructional theory centering around teacher-child interaction. In the 19 empirical studies discussed, a dichotomy between "structured and unstructured…

Girls' responses to fantasy in children's literature as related to a conceptual framework (extrapolated from books of modern fantasy) of intellectual development (based on Piaget's theoretical formulations) were investigated. The three stages of thinking corresponded to the ages of the subjects: five year olds represented the preoperational stage,…

The creative and accurate interpretation of phenomena is central to achieving an understanding of the world and our fellow man. However, the process of interpretation is little understood by behavioral scientists and educators. Hermeneutics promises greater insight into the nature of interpretation of phenomena since the foundation of a…

Students from introductory speech classes at the University of Illinois and Parkland Community College were asked to list their attitudes about four groups: businessmen, farmers, politicians, and war protesters. The strengths of those beliefs were evaluated via seven internal semantic differential scales. The sum of the scales served as a first…

A review of some of the basic approaches to the study of supervision in organizations leads to the conclusion that the behavioristic methodology of searching for temporal and spatial correlations between assessed events without establishing specific connections to theoretical networks has provided an inadequate basis for the understanding of the…

An analytical method for defining and describing the behavioral elements of those tasks that are inherent in the operation of large cargo trucks for mission durations ranging from four to eight hours was developed and validated in this study. The preliminary analysis of task elements was subjected to validation by several means: structured…

This study demonstrated reinforcement control over pronounced feminine behaviors in a male child. The clinical history of S paralleled the retrospective reports of adult transsexuals, including (a) cross-gender clothing preferences, (b) actual or imaginal use of cosmetic articles, (c) feminine behavior mannerisms, (d) aversion to masculine…